Event Marketing

Let's look at some of the key advantages of the proprietary corporate event. †¢When creating a proprietary corporate event, the marketer has nearly complete control of the customer's experience with the company. You can shape the event to suit the needs of your audience — and meet your corporate sales and marketing objectives. †¢Corporate events are an excellent venue for relationship building with key customers, from end-users, to technical personnel, to purchasing officials, to senior executives.The relationship can be deepened on both sides: you get more focused selling time, and the customers provide you with more insights into their needs and business problems. †¢Corporate events are designed to allow higher level conversations than can be expected in the hustle and bustle of a trade show. †¢Customers and prospects can focus on your message, without distractions from competitors. Corporate events tend to be applied to current customer marketing, versus prospecting, for the simple reason of efficiency.For one thing, it's easier to persuade a person with whom you already have a business relationship to come to your corporate event. For another, the future value of a current customer or inquirer is much higher than that of the average unwashed prospect, which justifies the expense of creating and running a dedicated event. To get the most value from a corporate event, keep these principles in mind: †¢Consult with your target audience. In order to attract and influence them, you must first find out what works. Let their preferences and needs guide your planning. †¢Seek opportunities to defray your costs.You can ask your business partners to take sponsorships, or ask your clients to pay their own travel and hotel expenses. Some conferences even charge attendees a fee, which both qualifies their serious interest and supports the budget. †¢Corporate event management is complicated, and requires expertise and resources fro m multiple parties, inside and outside the company. So a focus on project management and team-building will enhance your likelihood of success. †¢Proprietary corporate events share many characteristics of trade shows, when it comes to marketing strategy, planning, and execution.The same rules apply about setting objectives, promotions, post-event follow up, and so forth. Treat the corporate event like a full-fledged marketing campaign, not a one-off. Event Types It's not easy to categorize events, since there is so much overlap in function and activity, but here are some of the more common types. Most of these are focused on current customers, but the last one, road shows, is designed for prospecting. User Groups The user group meeting has taken center stage in the information technology arena, but is also in wide use in other industries.Typically the company's objective with a user group is multi-fold: †¢Education about the current products in use at the account †¢Su rfacing problems and trouble shooting solutions †¢Identifying customer needs for additional products or features †¢Deepening the relationship with the customer Most companies find that the opportunity to network with other product users is one of the key benefits appreciated by attendees. Client Conferences User groups target the engineer or middle manager who actually uses the product in day-to-day business, with primarily an educational and troubleshooting objective.A client conference, on the other hand, is designed to engage a more senior managerial level, addresses more strategic issues and is often, in some respects, more sales oriented. The typical client conference pursues the following objectives: †¢Deepen the customer relationship †¢Communicate company vision, culture, and strategies †¢Cross-sell and upsell †¢Encourage networking among peers A client conference may have any of the following components: †¢Keynotes and breakout sessions â⠂¬ ¢Exhibit hall †¢Meetings with sales reps and senior executives †¢Sports event, such as a golf outing A client appreciation dinner †¢Entertainment Single-Customer Events Events focusing on a single customer can be a useful element of the corporate event marketing mix. Limited to top customers, these events can be as simple as an expanded client meeting, where the business carries on into ancillary activities like dinners or outings. Or they can be workshops, or facilitated sessions — whatever meets the sales and marketing objective. One common type of single-customer event is also known as a â€Å"vendor day,† when a large company arranges for suppliers to come in and show their wares. Educational SeminarsAn educational seminar can be an appealing way to deliver product information within a larger business context — which adds credibility and also increases access to hard-to-reach customers. Most common are daylong or half-day seminar programs t aught by a credible third party on a subject of strong business interest to your customers. If you include speakers from your own company, it's important to keep the tone of the presentation more about solving problems or sharing ideas, and less a blatant sales pitch. One of the secrets to success in seminar marketing is balancing good content with amenities.Consider this wisdom from Mark Amtower, a specialist in marketing to government buyers. Amtower conducts seminars all over the country for clients and prospects as part of his sales outreach. â€Å"The seminar content is important,† says Amtower. â€Å"But the food is how they'll judge the seminar overall. I have learned to provide great food, and plenty of it, and I get rave reviews — and new business — from my seminars. † Executive Seminars Executive seminars are intended to bring senior-level customers together for education, peer interaction, and face time with senior company representatives.Usual ly kept fairly small, repeated at regular intervals, and held in desirable locations, these events combine customer appreciation with sales opportunity. The primary hook to attract attendees is content, topics of strategic interest to senior managers. The events thus serve to position the hosting company as a partner as opposed to a vendor, a trusted resource who can be relied upon to help solve pressing business problems. Attendees appreciate the chance to learn about solutions and to network with their peers from other companies. Entertainment EventsEvents designed around social outings, or around food and drink, are most successful when linked to a specific sales objective. The attendees need to be carefully selected and qualified, since you don't want to be investing in entertaining the universe. Most companies find that entertainment events only work when they are driven by the sales team, and marketing assists in logistics and strategy. Road Shows Road shows consist of a multi -city series of meetings designed to deliver richer product information than is possible through mail or phone, but to be more efficient than solo sales calls.The road show takes the event to the market — sparing customers and prospects the need to travel. Typically, the marketer bears all the expense, and no fee is charged to attendees. The road show venue is usually a hotel meeting room, with a half-day session that includes breakfast or lunch. Because the cost per contact is fairly high, ranging from $25 to $100 or more, road shows are typically reserved for clients or prospects who are fairly far along the buying cycle. Most road shows target a customer based within driving distance from the venue.

How Supreme Court Decisoins have affected American Society Essay

The Supreme Court has been given credit and blame for having a wide range of effects on society. The decisions that they have made on current and past issues have initiated change in American society. These changes have had both positive and negative results. The effects of their decisions have ranged from improving the status of certain ethnic groups to limiting the procedures of law enforcers and clearly defining the rights of lawbreakers. In essence, Supreme Court decisions have had a profound influence on the behaviors of citizens as well as the political structure of this nation. The decisions of justices have â€Å"altered behavior of political and governmental officials as well as a man walking down the street†(Miller 4). To understand the role of the Supreme Court in the American system then one must pay attention to the social impact of court decisions. â€Å"The supreme court has assumed the task (of)†¦enforcing a law known to all, of deciding what law ought to be and making any changes called for† (Knight 1). Decisions are made by the Justices from conflicting principles not because of the law, but because of an evaluation of what impact the decision will have on American society. The Supreme Court has had a greater important impact then any other government institution on society as a whole. The decisions have affected people’s behavior as individuals and social institutions such as the family and economy (Baum 318). The decisions of the Supreme Court justices have â€Å"affected the social behavior of people by influencing†¦(their) thinking and the structures in which they operate†(Baum 319). â€Å"Change is the primary characteristic of American Society† (Miller 4). Change must also exist in American law. As society progresses and changes, the Court must address injustices as a result of change and determine criteria for a particular decision (Miller 5). As stated earlier, the Supreme Court decisions have initiated both political and social change (Baum 319). The constitution was established for certain and definite purposes. However what the Founding Fathers did not account for was change (Miller 4). As a result the Supreme Court has adapted the concept of an evolving Constitution (Miller 5). It was necessary to redefine laws that were passed earlier to adjust to the changing society. Also, it was necessary as time progressed and the movement for equality grew, the Supreme Court need to reexamine the â€Å"narrow mindedness† of our Founding Fathers (Miller 5). Decisions were made that ensured persons regardless of gender, race or religion were all granted the rights and privileges entitled to them as United States citizens. The Supreme Court has been involved in making dramatic decisions concerning social issues. Several areas that have been affected by their opinions include: 1) civil rights, 2) religious activities, and 3) police policy and procedure (Kessel 194). Although the actual decisions had little impact on society, they would stimulate other actions for change and in turn make a difference in society (Baum 319). For example, the decision to desegregate schools would be the catalyst for the civil rights movement. The â€Å"Schemmp† decision as well as the â€Å"Roe vs. Wade† decision will fuel the use of religion as a political stance (Baum 319). To understand how influential Supreme Court decisions are it is necessary to examine what effect they have had on American society. One of the most monument decisions was the effects of Brown Vs. the Board of Education. This decision ordered the desegregation of school throughout the nation. Previous to this decision, Plessy vs. Ferguson set precedent that institutions such as schools or public facilities could be segregated based on race. The condition of this decision was that both facilities whether for Caucasians or African Americans must be equal in quality. When this condition failed to exist to be met it became necessary for these institutions become desegregated. Brown vs. The board of Education required that â€Å"school districts with separate school for Blacks and White students be desegregated† (Baum 305). Most of the states in the northern and western states conformed to this decision. However in the Deep South, were slavery had been an institution, the call for desegragation was not widely accepted. In addition, the Supreme Court had allowed an â€Å"open-ended delay† to desegregation. This allowed  school districts to â€Å"take their time in desegregating schools†(Baum 318). In the South â€Å"†¦desegregation†¦(did not occur)†¦ for a decade because school administrators resisted Supreme Court ruling† (Baum 318). Some districts took several more years and the use of congressional force to obey the ruling. The Courts helped to make desegregation possible. It also had an impact on the government’s feelings toward racial discrimination. These rulings demonstrated that government support of discrimination was unconstitutional. It also declared that there â€Å"needed to be efforts to achieve racial equality†(Baum 307). As stated earlier, the Supreme Court had been a contributor to social change. It would help to initiate the civil rights movement. â€Å"Once the civil rights movement became active, the Supreme Court took †¦ steps to protect it†(Baum 318). Their decisions, although they did not directly protect the movement’s participants, helped to strengthen the cause. In fact Supreme Court decisions in support of racial equality have been viewed as a motivating factor of civil rights revolution of 1950’s and 1960’s and also the improvement of the status of African Americans (Baum 318). Another influential decision of the Supreme Court judges concerned police procedures and policies. In Miranda vs. Arizona, the Supreme Court established new restrictions on search and seizure as well as required certain warnings must be read to a suspect prior to questioning by police officers or detectives (Wald 149). Under the Miranda ruling, police have to give â€Å"adequate and effective warning of legal rights and honor the suspects use of the rights†(Wald 155). This is to ensure that the suspect will understand the meaning of these rights and how they apply to him. It is also to ensure that the suspect does â€Å"what is in his best interest†(Wald 155). In addition the presence of a lawyer during questioning ensured that the suspect’s 5th Amendment right under the constitution is not violated. Prior knowledge of one’ s self interest would allow them t act in their best interest. Once the defendant is properly warned of his rights, he will be in a position to act in accordance to his interests in remaining silent and  requesting a lawyer. The suspect also needed to understand that he is in an adversary system that is not working in his interest (Wald 156). It was believed that the decision from Miranda vs. Arizona would foster successful law enforcement. The Miranda rights were required to decrease the rate of coerced confessions due to police brutality. It has had limited effects. The Supreme Court decision has fueled debates over the rights of suspects (Baum 306). It is believed by some that once a person commits a crime by breaking the law they are not entitled to additional rights. In addition, Convictions have been lost because of the expansion of defendant’s rights. â€Å"They were failed to be read their Miranda rights so they were released† (Wald 156). However the Miranda decision has helped to impose restrictions on how much force and intimidation tactics police officials can use on suspects. In an attempt to end mistreatment of suspects by the police, the Miranda decision makes sure that the suspect has a â€Å"real understanding† of their rights and that they are clearly stated (Wald 163). In an attempt to end injustices toward crime suspects, several states have also gone to further limiting and restricting police practices. Police officers have somewhat abided by these court-imposed restrictions. Those who have not have subsequently been faced with charges of violating a person’s civil rights and risk becoming a suspect themselves (Baum 306). The final Supreme Court decision that has had an impact on American society was the decisions concerning seperation of church and state. The Supreme Court of the United States has been a vigilant watchdog in preserving the separation between church and state called for by the Constitution. In 1962 the Court ruled in Engel v. Vitale on the constitutionality of public?school prayers (Gawrisch). Enthusiasim arose in 1963 following the Court’s decision in two historic cases, Abington v. Schemmp and Murray v. Curlett. The devotional use of the Bible and all forms of prayer were banned from public schools as a contravention of the Establishment Clause. Objective study about religion and reading of the Bible for its literary and historic qualities were not prohibited (Gawrisch). These decisions had an impact on policies adopted and enforced on a school district level (Birkby 109). While some schools initially ignored the ruling, most adhered to it. Over time federal government limited religious observances in public schools (Baum 306). Ironically, this was an attempt to ensure religious freedom (Birkby 110). As time progressed the Court reiterate their rulings in different cases. As recent as 1992 & 2000, decisions have been made restricting prayer at school ceremonies and sporting events (Baum306). Some may argue that eliminating prayer in school has only further damaged the educational process of students. Other believe it has had adverse effects on the students (Baum 318). Students have lost their ideas of morals, and virtues. They are unable to realize that there are consequences for their actions whether negative or positive in nature. However as a nation of diversity it is unfair for educational institutions to allow the practice of certain religious practices and not others. Again one must look at the constitution right of freedom of religion and that one must not be forced to exposure to religious practices they do not participate in. In fact court decisions on school prayer have been cited as an important stimulus for the emergence of religious rights as a political movement (Baum 318). It is an issue that has yet to be resolved and will continue as long as America remains a nation of diverse people with distinctive views on religion. In conclusion, the Supreme Court has been a contributor to social change. It decisions have influenced the behaviors and attitudes of Americans since its creation. Although some may not agree with their opinion, they are forced to abide. It fulfills its duty as the interpreter of the law. It is in deciding body on political as well as social issues. It opinions and decisions have had rippling effects through America’s history. It as helped to reshape and redefine America’s perspective on important social issues. It is the final say in disputes that exist in this ever-changing society. Baum, Lawrence. American Court: Process and Policy. 5th ed. Houghton Mifflin Company: Boston 2001. Birkby, Robert H., â€Å"The Supreme Court and the Bible belt: Tennessee Reaction to the â€Å"Schempp† Decision.† The Impact of Supreme Court Decisions. Ed. Theodore L. Becker. New York: Oxford University Press.1969 106-114. Gawrisch, Wilbert. â€Å"The separation of Church and State as it relates to Our Christian Schools†. Kessel, John H., â€Å"Public Perceptions of the Supreme Court†. The Impact of Supreme Court Decisions. Ed. Theodore L. Becker. New York: Oxford University Press.1969 193-205. Knight, G. â€Å"On the Meaning of Justice† NOMOS VI Justice 1,2 Eds. Friedman & Chapman.1963. Miller, Arthur S., â€Å"On the Need for â€Å"Impact Analysis† of Supreme Court Decisions†. The Impact of Supreme Court Decisions. Ed. Theodore L. Becker. New York: Oxford University Press.1969 3-6. Wald, Michael S., â€Å"Interrogations in New Haven: The Impact of Miranda† The Impact of Supreme Court Decisions. Ed. Theodore L. Becker. New York: Oxford University Press. 1969 149-164.

1988 Presidential election

Bush and Dukakis 1988 presidential election On November 8, 1988, George H. Bush candidate was elected President of the 41st United States President. President Bush beat Democrat Challenger Governor Michael Dukakis at a ratio of 6 to 5. 49 million people voted for Bush, 426 people voted for the election, 42 million people voted for Ducakis and 112 elections took place. Strangely, even those who did not run for the presidential election won the election vote; Lloyd Bentosen (Democratic Vice Presidential candidate) won the election vote in West Virginia. In the Democratic Party that appeared after President George H. Bush in Republican victory in the 1988 presidential election, the centralist Democratic Party, or the New Democratic Party, was an ideological arbitrator. Following the transition of the American people to more political rights, the party occupied the party for about 20 years since the end of the 1980s. They are represented by organizations such as New Democratic Party and New Democratic Party. In the presidential election, Massachusetts supported the Republican Party from 1916 to 1924 until 1912, 1950s, 1980s, and 1984. From 1988 to 2004, the state supported the Democratic presidential candidate. In the general election in 1972, Massachusetts State was the only province to provide election votes to Democratic candidate George McGovern. The Economic Analysis Department estimates that the total production in Massachusetts State in 2005 is $ 325 billion. The per capita income per capita in 2005 was 3rd, 43,402 dollars, after Connecticut and New Jersey. From 2004 to 2005, the country 's gross output increased by 2.6%, below the national average of 3.5%. The death penalty was a remarkable problem during the 1988 presidential election. It appeared in the debate between two presidential candidates George HW Bush and Michael Dukakis on 13th October 1988, and the moderator of discussion, Bernard Shaw, in Dukakis Governor, Murderer Dukakis replied, No, I think I know that I opposed the death penalty throughout my life, I have never seen it. President Bush elected Many people, including Dukakis himself, used this statement as their campaign, I think there is a better, more effective way to deal with violent crime. Beginning of the event

Media Bias and Propaganda in United States Essay

Media Bias and Propaganda in United States - Essay Example As such, the power that media has upon the lives of individual around the globe is dynamic and likely will increase as globalization and media integration continue to be evidenced. However, for purposes of this brief analysis, the author will not specifically focus upon the globalizing power that media has; rather, the focus will instead be upon the way in which self-censorship, bias, and seemingly uniform actions; even without overt coercion needing to be applied. As a function of seeking to understand the impact that media has on stakeholders within society, the following analysis will engage the reader with some of the most prominent ways in which media impacts the way in which people think, act, and define/constrain their lives. Through an exemplification of the way in which propaganda and bias are represented throughout the media, it is the hope of this author that the reader can come to a more profound and nuanced understanding of the way in which these very real and prescient issues impact upon the way in which society interacts with the world, defines it, and seeks to understand it. Firstly, in order to understand this uniformity of approach that so many media outlets throughout the current market exhibit, it is necessary to seek to understand the way in which media control exists within the current dynamic. Whereas it is true that television media only accounts for one way in which the individual is exposed to information, is necessarily a microcosm of media proliferation and can adequately help an individual to understand the way in which power dynamics and bias are represented with regards to the information that is consumed. Ultimately, the current television media is 90% owned by six main corporations within the United States. These corporations are as follows: GE, Newscorp, Disney, Viacomm, Time Warner, and CBS. Such a level of realization helps to denote the fact that a virtually oligarchical level of control exists over television news media. Ul timately, this level of oligarchic competition was not always exhibited. Even two decades ago, a litany of different companies owned the television news media and allowed for a great level of diversity of opinion. However, due to the fact that diversification of ownership was not maximizing profitability and reach, not to mention marketing potential, the six key firms that have been denoted previously engaged upon a definitive program of buying out the competition. Yet, before the reader comes to the assumption that television media is somehow a unique entity and therefore should be understood differently than newsprint, radio, or other forms of media, the fact of the matter is that the same level of consolidation has taken place within these industries over the past several decades. For instance, if one briefly reviews radio and considers the way in which consolidation has taken place over the past few decades, Clear Channel and a handful of other powerful media moguls have defined the way in which current radio programming is presented to the listener. By much the same token, one need not perform a high level of analysis into the newspaper industry in order to understand the fact that individual such as Rupert Murdoch and others have brazenly set out to acquire almost each and every newspaper within the United States and place it under a central banner. Although this process of

St. Augustines Views on Sin Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

St. Augustines Views on Sin - Essay Example 214)Regarding sin, In Chapter 11 of Book One of Of Sin and Merit, Augustine goes into detail of describing his views on sin. The title of this particular chapter is "Distinction Between Actual and Original Sin." He says: Obviously Augustine believes that through one man's sin, sin has entered the world and it has brought sin upon the entire human race. He makes it clear that he thinks the language is clear as well. Augustine elaborates further upon his view of sin, and how Christ plays a role in that worldview. It also talks about some of the benefits Christians have: Augustine is talking about some very specific positives here about being a Christian that don't have to do with sin except indirectly: that they have a secret communion with Christ; that they are blessed, justified, and have a spiritual grace accorded to them (Knight, 2008, pp. 1). Augustine, first as a Manichean and then as a Christian bishop, had some very interesting ideas about sin. First his notions of sin probably leaned toward good and evil. His later opinions would later be shaped into the doctrine we now have on original sin.

International Business (CH2, CH3, and Movie 'GUNG HO) Review

International Business (CH2, CH3, and 'GUNG HO) - Movie Review Example The second implication is that informal institutional frameworks provide some structure to an organization where formal institutions are not visible or where the formal institutions have failed. Managers should constantly be aware of both formal and informal institutional frameworks that influence their employees. This will allow the managers to manage to the framework and adjust with fluid plans if the frameworks break down. It will also allow the managers to better predict the behaviors and actions of their teams. Section 2: (40 Points) For this assignment you will be required to locate and watch the movie Gung Ho and then apply the concepts that were discussed in Chapter 3 of the textbook by answering the questions outlined below. The movie is about a small town that has always relied on manufacturing for its livelihood. The two factories have closed down, the service businesses are moving out of the town, and the majority of adults are unemployed. Hunt Stevenson solicits a Japanese company to reopen the factory. The movie tells the story of the challenges the Japanese executives, employees, and townspeople encountered during and after the reopening. This is relevant to the concepts of global business today because advancements in technology, travel, and collaboration blur the lines that separate countries. Global interactions are a frequent, everyday occurrence for many businesses. Understanding the different cultures with which one will be working is critical to maintain relationships and smooth production. b. Outline the cultural differences that exist between the Japanese management team and their US Workers? Specifically address each of the following differences by describing examples from the movie. (16 Points) Collectivism focuses all members of the team on a single purpose as a single unit. This was apparent from the first day of the factory

Medieval Islamic Philosophy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Medieval Islamic Philosophy - Essay Example that had been transmitted from Greece into these countries. In, 323-43 BC Greek classical philosophies experienced a drastic change. From being a fundamentally Greek product, it developed into an international and eclectic cultural movement in which Greek, Egyptian, Phoenician and other Near Eastern religious and ethical elements came together. This change is best represented by the role Alexandria played as the centre of varied streams of notions making up the new philosophy. At the same time as the Abbasid Caliphate was set up in Baghdad in 750 AD, the centre of learning progressively moved to the Abbasid capital, which became later the heir of Athens and Alexandria as the new cultural city of the medieval world. Nearly two centuries later Cordoba, capital of Muslim Spain, began to contend with Baghdad as the centre of 'ancient learning'. From Cordoba, Greek-Arabic philosophy and science were spread across the Pyrenees to Paris, Bologna and Oxford in the twelfth and the thirteenth centuries. During the time of the Abbasi'd Khalifah (Caliph) Mamun-al-Rashid who had established a Bait-el-Hikmah (House of Wisdom) in Baghdad, the influence of the foreign thought seeped into Islamic culture. Works of Greek philosophy and natural sciences were available in Alexandria, Egypt, and some other Syrian cities. Mamun-al-Rashid employed scholars of all religions, Jewish, Christianity, Islam, etc. for the purpose of translating these works into Arabic. Regardless of the strong hold of Islamic theological doctrine on the minds of the Arabs, skepticism and rational thinking increasingly developed and flourished under the encouragement and protection provided by the Khalifah. The first reception of Greek-Hellenistic philosophy in the Islamic world was mixed. It was rejected in the beginning as being distrustfully foreign or pagan, and was thus scorned by conservative theologians, legal scholars and grammarians as harmful or unessential. By the middle of the eighth century AD the image had changed to some extent, with the appearance of the rationalist theologians of Islam known as the Mu'tazilites, who were utterly inclined by the methods of discussion or dialectic supported by the Muslim philosophers. Of those philosophers, the two exceptional persons of the ninth and tenth centuries were al-Kindi and al-Razi, who welcomed Greek philosophy as a form of freedom from the fetters of doctrine or blind imitation (taqlid). For al-Kindi, the objectives of philosophy are rightly well matched with those of religion, and, for al-Razi, philosophy was the highest expression of man's intellectual goals and the noblest achievement of that noble people, who were incompa rable in their quest for wisdom (hikma). Later scholars used this device with mixed results. For instance, Ibn Rushd stated (11), "Since the religion (Islam) is true and summons to the study which leads to knowledge of the Truth, we the Muslims know definitely that demonstrative study does not lead to (conclusions) conflicting with what Scripture has given us; for truth does not oppose truth but accords with it and bears witness to it." Thus it was a given that the Scripture was perfect and true, every

Sampling size and sample size for qualitative research Coursework

Sampling size and sample size for qualitative research - Coursework Example There are many factors that divide the population into sub-populations. This study expects that the measurement of interest may vary significantly among different strata. The variation has to be captured when selecting a sample from the whole population in order to obtain a sample that represents the whole population (LeCompte & Schensul,  2010). This is very significant in eliminating any form of biasness. A stratified sample is obtained through taking samples from each stratum of the whole population. As a result, each characteristic that is unique within the population which is under study is captured. This plays a significant role in reducing any potential for human bias when selecting cases to be incorporated in the sample (Ryan, 2013). Therefore, this strategy will enable me to come up with a sample that is highly representative, assuming that there will be no cases of missing data which might affect the overall results of the study. Reducing sampling error is one of the major goals of any selection technique while conducting a research. Although other sampling techniques are less expensive and time consuming, they are bound to have several errors that might affect the overall results of the study. Therefore, the fact that each stratum is incorporated in the sample and all the variables that might affect the results are taken into consideration makes this strategy to be more effective in comparison with others. Since the samples are selected using probabilistic methods, stratified sampling method will enable me to make statistical conclusions after analyzing the data that will be collected. This will be critical in identifying whether the data will be valid or not and whether there will be some other factors that will need to be taken under consideration. Furthermore, relative to simple random sample, this strategy is more superior because it will improve the potential for the units to be evenly spread across the

Professional Development Plan Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Professional Development Plan - Research Paper Example The Walden University holds a good academic recognition, and preparing a Personal Development Plan in this context would further boost my studies. The university gives priority to handling different circumstances relating to business, and guidelines to overcome such situations, knowledge related to proper handling of employees and subordinates, and above all enriching one with the quality of a successful leader. This paper intends to consider my skills and strengths, and also the areas in which I seek improvement. This will also help me to design a Professional Development Plan (PDP) as I begin my pursuit of the DBA at the Walden. Personal Development Plan As a part of a doctorate study, one has to cover numerous phases of a specific curriculum. Every part of study involves certain kind of preparation and analysis. Walden University has very admirable facility for pursuing a degree of any interest. The increasing rate of enrolment for graduation courses indicates the growing reputati on of the Walden. Being a doctoral candidate at Walden, it is important for me to understand both the feasibility of the proposed project and the mandatory requirements at the Walden. Ample Opportunities at Walden: Discussion with Faculty The discussion with university faculty has given me knowledge of the multiple possibilities of graduate courses in Walden, precisely in Business Administration. Many opportunities are available at Walden though I fall into the common category of business administration with specialization in leadership. For instance, Bachelor of Science in Business Administration is one of the most admirable courses offered here. This course has produced many successful professionals who reflect the quality of education imparted in the university. More significantly, it is accredited by the Accreditation Council for Business Schools and Programs (ACBSP.) For designing the Personal Development Plan, it is important to foresee the essential features and certain aspec ts of the course as a whole. The course offers; extensive knowledge of business operations guidelines of different tactics and techniques of management assistance in ‘Evidence-based decision making’ development of personal skills and leadership quality (Source: Walden university website). Overall, it is a recognized standard university providing students with quality and skills to face the challenges of today’s business world. My Academic Interests and Goals Reaching heights is never impossible if fortunes and hard work coexist. To begin with, one’s academic interests and goals at Walden have very significant role in one’s course. Academic success of the candidate is of prime importance here. Many factors attracted me to Walden among which the very interactive online system is most notable. Specialization in leadership is one of the most demandable courses of all time. And, Walden is well known for its successful results as records report. I intend to gain doctorate in Business Administration specializing in Leadership. And I am optimistic that the university could assist me, owing to its special interest in the comprehensive development of its candidates. Such exemplary examples are often noticed among many Walden University products. Altogether, pursuing a degree at Walden is a golden opportunity that one can cherish forever. Furthermore, university itself is an excellent example in its very nature of functioning and scheduled activities.

Lab report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Lab report - Essay Example Apart from primary aluminum obtained from bauxite, secondary aluminum and aluminum compounds are obtained through recycling. Recycling aluminum prevents depletion of aluminum ore reserves. Compared with primary production, production of secondary aluminum requires a lower amount of energy. (Davis, 1993) One compound that can be obtained by chemical treatment of used aluminum is potash alum. Potash alum or common alum (potassium aluminum sulfate dodecahydrate, KAl(SO4)2.12H2O) is a double salt. The Al3+ ions in alum act as flocculating agent during water treatment and purification and also as a blood congealer in medicine. (Atkins & de Paula, 2006) To investigate a possible method for recycling used aluminum cans, potash alum was prepared from a piece of aluminum can. Feasibility of the recycling process was studied by calculating the percentage yield. Collecting and weighing aluminum. The aluminum beverage can was washed. A 5Ãâ€"8 cm piece of aluminum was cut from the can. Paint from the outer surface of the can and plastic from the inner surface of the can were scraped off. The aluminum piece was cut into small squares. The aluminum squares were weighed and 0.996 g of aluminum was placed in a 250 mL beaker. Addition of potassium hydroxide. To the aluminum in the beaker, 50 mL of 1.4 M potassium hydroxide was added. The reaction mixture of aluminum and KOH was heated on a hot plate in the hood. Heating was stopped when the mixture turned grey. Vacuum filtering. Vacuum filtration apparatus was set up. The hot solution was vacuum filtered. The beaker used was rinsed with distilled water (5 mL) and this solution was also vacuum filtered. The filtrate obtained was cooled in an ice-water bath for a few minutes. Addition of sulfuric acid and crystallization of alum. To the cooled filtrate, 20 mL of 9.0 M sulfuric

Computerized System Essay Example for Free

Computerized System Essay 7.1 Architectural Design 7.1.1 Entity-Relationship Diagram Fig. 7.1.1 Database model On the figure above, the table â€Å"item_description† contains information about the items in the inventory. This is where the data for new items will be stored and updating of information of existing items takes place. Notice that, the table â€Å"critical_items† has only two attribute which is â€Å"status† that identifies the critical item if it is low or not. The â€Å"transaction† table is where the system stores data regarding individual transaction while â€Å"item_trans† table focuses on list of items and its total price. 7.2 System Function 7.2.1 Physical Data Flow Diagram Fig. 7.2.1 Physical DFD The system mainly consists of functions for sales and inventory management. A customer orders an item and the system checks the inventory by accessing the master item table. New items can be added by the management and the master item record is updated as such. A process computes the total price for the items ordered by using the input from the customer and data(prices) from the inventory master table. After the transaction, receipt will be given to the customer and both the inventory record and sales record are updated. If the system detects any item to be at critical level, a notification will be sent to the management. 7.2.2 User Interface Fig. 7.2.2.1 Main Menu This is the interface where the user has access to all function of the system (Fig. 7.2.2.1). The first thing that will show up when the user runs the system is the button with a text of â€Å"V†. When the user clicks the â€Å"V† button the five buttons and upon clicking the inventory and report button their sub items will also appear and when the user clicks one of these buttons (Point of Sale, View Inventory, Update Inventory, Add Inventory, Critical Items, View Sales Report, and View Inventory report) the visibility of all buttons will be disabled and then the desired form of the user will appear on the gray space. The sub buttons of Inventory is where the user viewing of inventory and critical items ( if there’s any ), update, and adding of inventory. The sub buttons of reports is where the user views the sales and inventory report of the system, the help button mainly focuses on how to use it or what we call â€Å"user manual† and about the system. Fig. 7.2.2.2 Point of Sale Lastly, this form is where the transaction between the manager and the customer takes place. First thing that the user will do is choose an item code and then the quantity for the item and it will automatically compute for the price after that, he will have to click the add item button then the item will appear on the white space on the right side and then a message will prompt if he want to add another or not if he doesn’t want to add another item the uwser will require to input the customer’s payment and clicking the complete transaction button will prompt another message if the user is sure about the transaction. And then if the user is sure, the system will prompt another message if he want to print the receipt or not.

Wagner Matinee Essay Example for Free

Wagner Matinee Essay During the 1800s there was an increase in immigration to the Great Plains due to an abundance of free land offered by the Homestead Act. Many individuals and families went west to seek their fortune and a home on what was once called the great American desert. Moving westward was a difficult process, and many were forced to leave their old lives behind completely. In A Wagner Matinee, written by Willa Cather, the characterization of Aunt Georgiana, a woman who leaves Boston to elope with a young man going west, is used to illustrate the theme; that sometimes decisions need to be made, and although one might regret it, one love must be sacrificed for another. One way that Cather uses characterization to illustrate this theme is through direct statements about Georgiana and physical descriptions. Right away Cather tells us that Georgiana is, or was, a pianist of some accomplishment. She once worked as an instructor at the Boston Conservatory of Music. For a woman to achieve this status in the time A Wagner Matinee is set was an extraordinary thing. The music she chose to give up was surely something she loved very dearly and was very proud of. The physical description of Aunt Georgiana shows the hardships she had to endure because of her sacrifice. The narrator of the story, Georgianas nephew Clark, describes her as having yellow and leathery skin, and wearing ill-fitting false teeth. These physical defects were the result of a pitiless wind and the alkaline water, along with other hardships of the Nebraska frontier. The most biting description of Aunt Georgiana is the repeated image of her hands. She was once a great pianist, but from work on the farm in Nebraska, her hands have been reduced to twisted knots of flesh, with oddly bent, tentacle-like fingers. This description best illustrates her sacrifice, as her hands were the most vital thing to her musical essence, and Cather does well to convey this through the repeated imagery. Georgianas statements throughout the novel also support the theme of regret and sacrifice. Clark recalls a time when Georgiana opens her soul to him, and says Dont love it so well Clark, or it may be taken from you. Oh! Dear boy, pray that whatever  your sacrifice be it is not that. By saying this she is referring to, of course music. Her advice to not love it so well is intensely pessimistic, influenced by the great pain she suffere d when she gave up her life ambition. Later in the only conversation that Clark and Georgiana share at the concert, she remorsefully makes reference to the music they are enjoying. And youve been hearing this ever since you left me, Clark? she asks. Clark calls the question the gentlest and saddest of reproaches. When she says this she is almost jealous of her nephew. Her wistful remembrance and longing is made clear through her words. Finally, at the end of the concert, she bursts into tears and cries out I dont want to go Clark, I dont want to go!† This is a very direct and clear example that her longing for the music she sacrificed is terrible and immense. However, Aunt Georgianas actions often speak volumes, and impart a greater insight into the theme than even her words can convey. She had lived on a farm away from civilization for thirty years, and so the transition back into the city was not an easy one. She is described as being almost in a trance when she arrives. Her state of being does not change throughout the story until she arrives at the matinee and she awakens. The only thing that connects her back to the city she left so long ago is the m usic. When the concert starts, it opens the flood gates to her memories. The very moment the first note is played her hand darts out and clutches at Clarks coat sleeve. She does not release it until that song is has come to an end. After this first ordeal she is able to calm herself somewhat, but the music still controls her, seeming to sweep her away to another world. As the concert continues, she fondly remembers her days at the conservatory as she pantomimes the action of playing a piano on her dress. Through these actions and others she demonstrates how dear to her the music that she left behind is. Thus, Cather uses the characterization to illustrate the theme of sacrifice. The vivid physical description presented makes the weight of Georgianas decision clear. Georgianas words also provide great insight into how she feels. Indirect expressions, which can be interpreted through her conscious and subconscious actions, are the most solid representation of how the theme is demonstrated through characterization. Aunt Georgiana is not a unique case, and although she is a fictional character, sacrifices like hers are inevitably made every day. Sometim es there is no middle ground, and no  matter how great a love is, it must be abandoned for what is believed to be a greater good. The regret and pain which accompany these sacrifices must be dealt with by each individual.

Accor The Fast Growing Hotel And Tourism Marketing Essay

Accor The Fast Growing Hotel And Tourism Marketing Essay Currenly Accor has hotel and service related business in nearly 90 countries with 4100 hotels where more than 500000 rooms has been built where customers being offered hotel stays to the specific needs of each business and leisure customer. ACCOR worldwid Hotel activities 4127 hotels and thalaso sites Sofitel-121 hotels Pullman- 46 hotels Novotel-395 hotels Mercue-699 hotels ibis-861 hotels All seasons-75 hotels Etap Hotel- 403 hotels Formula1- 351 hotels Motel6-1001 hotels studio6-59 hotels Hotel without brand-45 hotels Thalasa sea and Spa-16 centre Services for our companies and public institutions As a worlds best service provider ACCOR has been providing several flagship product, Ticket restaurant, Accor service designs, develops and manages services for more than 490000 corporate clients and public institutions. At least 33 million users and 1.2 million affiliated service providers of 40 countries are benifited by the ACCOR. Part-1 of the Assignment Basis of competitive advantages ACCOR has started its business with the opening of the first Novotel in Lille in 1967. Since their opening a pioneering spirit of conquest has driven ACCOR to achieve its goal. It is a great success for the ACCOR that they made this spirit of conquest shaped into groups culture. And this culture shaped by a constant concern for people and commitment to the highest performance standard. For more than 40 years, across all brands and regions, Accors five core values of innovation, a spirit of conquest, performance, trust and respect have been shared and expressed every day by its 150,000 employees. Managers leverage these values to provide support for team members as part of the Groups ongoing transformation and development. Innovation is trademark The spirit of conquest is growth engine Performance is the key to continued success Respect is basis of all relationships Strategic choice of ACCOR ACCOR business strategies are being reviwed and amended constantly according to customer demand and other circumstances such as govt policy, political stability etc. Bowmans Strategy Clock- (Referece analysis- www.scribd.com, title- Bowmans stretagic clock, making sense of eight competitive positions) IN new open markets, customers purchasing thier products from many number of companies, and customers have a tremendous amount of choice. So, its accor duty to find the competitive edge and meet customer needs to get competitive advantage over the rival competetors. ACCOR has made their business stretagy to diferenciate themselve from the others. ACCOR aims to fulfill customers demands according to customers need by perceiving added value. ACCOR value innovation hotel: Reference: www.maaw.info (Title- curve value, management and accounting web) Accors Formule 1 Hotels are based on a new concept where standard hotel features are eliminated (e.g., restaurants, lounges and receptionists except for peak check-in and check-out times). They use automated tellers instead of receptionist for customers to check-in and check-out. Their rooms are small and include a bed and only the bare necessities. The rooms are modular blocks that are economical to build and provide good sound insulation. This new concept cut the average cost of building a room by 50% and staff costs dropped from 25-35% of sales to 20-23%. The company captured a large percentage of the budget hotel business and expanded the market to people that would not otherwise have stayed in a hotel. The most successful companies were those that used value innovation in all the platforms where innovation can take place including product, service and delivery. Compaqs innovations in the computer server industry are used to illustrate the idea. To avoid what Kim and Mauborgne refer to as the trap of competing, Compaq focused on creating customer value, rather than what their competitors were doing. In 2006 ACCOR has launched a complete transformation of its strategic vision, redifing its borders and introducing new business models in both core business- hotels and services. With fewer owned hotels and a broad portfolio of complementary, attractive brands, Accor Hospitality has established itself as a provider of high value-added services and set ambitious development objectives for 2011. Accor Services is stepping up the technological shift that will reassert its global leadership in prepaid services. Despite the sudden, sharp slowdown in the world economy in 2008 and 2009, Accor is leveraging its new strategic vision to drive continued growth, expansion and innovation in both its businesses, backed by the dedication and professionalism of its employees. The six foundations of Accors strategy stepping up the transformation process a growth and innovation dynamic powerful, complementary, recognized brands unique skills to support the brands people, the companys most important asset growth that creates opportunities for everyone Stepping up the transformation process Reference- www.accor.com Intensifying the hotel property strategy In 2006 ACCOR has lauched a real estate strategy based on adepting hotel ownership structure on a case by case basis. Each hotels region, profitibility and market segment are taken into consederation under this strategy. 56% of hotels are now operated under management contracts, franchise agreements or variable-rent leases. Proactive response to structural changes in society- ACCOR hotels and services are able to anticipate and integrate new economic and social developments, creating an increasingly varied portfolio of paperless products and services. ACCOR strategy is to negotiate technological shift proactively delivered delivered via smart cards, the internet or the mobile phones. Powerful, Complementary, Recognized Brands: ACCOR has several types of hotels such as value innovation hotels with some key facilities Formule1 to five star Sofitel. They are being built new brands such as Pullman in the upscale market and all seasons in the non standardised economic segment. the repositioning of Sofitel in the luxury segment,. Unique Skills To Support The Brands: ACCOR strategy has been made on the basis of innovation and performance. Accor has developed experties and skills with professional innovative approach for the last 40 years. ACCOR innovative team is capable to deliver real value-added in hotel development, innovation and design, construction maintainance, management and finance, purchasing, training and Human resources, technological support, marketing and distribution. ACCOR has created a unique system with interconnection among the above mentioned unites. People, the companys most important asset: ACCOR Corporate culture has made a strong bridge among the team members in respect of their difference in their ages, cultural positions within the organization. Accor has always give attention to its employees with the help of hands on management style and a commitment to skills enhencement, training, recognition and job mobility. Growth That Creates Opportunities For Everyone: ACCOR is a fast growing hotel and service based company. Every year thousands of rooms is being made as part of their business expansion. So, hundrades of people are getting chance to work in ACCOR. ACCOR has been working for the local people to develop their skills as part of their social activities. Part-2 of the assignment Management Green Issues: ACCOR hotel group has topped the first Tomorrows Value Rating of Worlds ten largest hotel groups. The value rating assessment has been carried out by Two Tomorrows, the leading sustainability consultancy. According to the research ACCOR has designed a comprehensive approach to managing team who is facing sustainability challenges with highly professional and efficiency. http://www.twotomorrows.com/ Two Tomorrows, the leading sustainability consultant said the new rating targets to increase debate activities on sustainable business, not only that it aims to identify and reward best practices and spur health competition among the largest global important companies. The Tomorrows Value Rating results in the following hotel ranking- Rank1 Company Name 1 Accor Hotel Group 2 Intercontinental Hotels Group 3 Marriot 4 Global Hyatt 5 Choice 6 Carlson 7 Hilton 8 Wyndham 9 Starwood 10 Best Western Thomas Krick, Global Programme Manager of the Tomorrows Value Rating said Accor has explored some commendable solution to sustainability challanges. Their piloting innovative energy saving technologies and building, and working with communities to maximise local procurement, thereby ensuring that local benefits from its present. So, it has already recognised that Accor is getting huge competitive advantages from its environmental friendly activities. Managing green issues- Accor activities Though most of the big hotel groups have noted the environmental issues. But management approaches are very immature. Climate change, employment practices, community welfare, wast and sustainable buildings are the most recognise issues which has been taken into consideration by the Accor hotel groups. Though others hotel groups announced the same measures but the evidence of diligent management of the issues is really scarce. Accor activities to manage green issues has been explained below- Local development (www.accor.com) Accor has been working in different developing countries in order to fight poverty. Nearly 75% people around the world living below the poverty line those are depend on agricultural income. Accor strategy is capitalising on its purchasing volume, Accor supports local agricultural business and fair trade. Accor contributes locally to jobs and training. Achievements Through a partnership with the NGO PlaNet Finance in Morocco, Accor ensures a professional training for 100 disadvantaged youths and supports argan oil cooperatives.   Through a partnership with the NGO Agrisud , the Sofitel Royal Angkor in Cambodia has been buying its food products since 2004 from small local producers, while they receive training to develop their expertise and diversify their crops.   The F1, Etap Hotel, Ibis and Mercure and Sofitel hotels are offering fair trade products to their guests in more than 17 countries   mainly coffee, tea and chocolate. Fight against epidemics (www.accor.com) Accor has set up a project in all of its hotel to increase awarness and prevention effors to limit the spread of AIDS. According to accor.com there are 33 million people living with HIV virus and 90% of them are unaware of that. A number of training and awarness programmes has been conducted by the Accor hotel authority to increase awarness among the both staff and guests about epidemic of AIDS and meleria. Accor is actively trying to increase awarness about the meleria problem in Africa with the holp of their 13500 staffs. Demographic evolution, climate change and travel increase make it easier for new diseases to appear and spread. Thus, the Accor group decided to significantly bolster its involvement in the prevention of all emerging diseases. Food www.accor.com Accor is mobilising its restaurants to promote good habits among the public. Because chronic deseases such as cancer, diabetes, etc are the main resons of death in the world. Accor is working with nutritionist to comply all ballanced diet on their food menue. ECO priorities ECO Action: United Kingdom: The Etap Hotel Birmingham has been recovering rain water since 2006, which saves 780m3 of water every year. (78k) Energy www.accor.com Several measures has been taken by the ACCOR to reduce enery consumptions which put them as a eco friendly hotels group. Their action has given them huge competive advantage on rival hotels groups such as intercontinental Hotel Group. According to ACCOR hotels web site 100% of the ACCOR owned hotel are equiped with energy-efficient lamps before 2009. 80% of the subsidiary hotels are equiped at the same time. Solar panels has been installed over the entire network in 200 ACCOR hotels before 2009. According to hotel environment charter, 19 energy optimizing measures has been recomanded to implement in each hotel facility such as use of energy-efficient refrigeritors, optimized outside lighting, solar panels to heat swiming pools and more. On the other hand rival Intercontinental Hotel Group says their owned/managed hotels set thir aim to reduce energy use by up to 10% in 2009. They said over the next three years (2010-2012) Intercontinental Hotel Group will save energy 6% to 10%. on a per available room night basis. So, ACCOR measures to reduce energy consumptions clearly give them a competitive advantages over the Intercontinental Hotel Group. Water Use: Water consumption per region (m3) 2008 Americas m3 2008 281.6 EMEA m3 2008 59.7 Asia Pacific m3 2008 2.1 (source- www.ichplc.com, Title- Water consumption) ACCOR hotel group works every day with the help of thier extensive hotel network to find sustainable formula to manage their water use. The goal is to use through innovative reutilization technologies. Evry year millions of people fall in sick due to drink untreated water in the developing countries such as Bangladesh, vietnam. ACCOR is working to ensure complience with rigorous sanitary standards in its hotels. ACCOR claimed their owned hotels consume 10% less water per room rentaed than in 2006. 100% of owned hotels and 87% of subsidiary hotels has been equiped according to flow regulators. Waste (Source- accor.com) Accor gives priority to products that use less packaging and are less toxic for the environment at the end of their life cycle. ACCOR has been using different process in its facilities to remove more waste and increase the recycling segments. Only 10% of waste products are recycled in the world. ACCOR has set their target to recycle 70 percent paper, cardboard and glass. 95% of the owned ACCOR hotels aims to recycle their batteries and compact fluorescent ligh bulbs/tubes by 2010.   Our approach to waste management is based on the 3Rs: reduce, re-use and recycle.   Waste reduction has the most economic and environmental benefits (e.g. reduction in Greenhouse Gas emissions) followed by re-use, recycling/composting and energy recovery. Biodiversity 1 out of every 4 mammals, 1 out of every 5 fish, and 1 out of every 8 plants are in danger of extinction The beauty of a natural site typically attracts visitors, to the point that tourist hotels are often located in fragile ecosystems. Accor is therefore committed to the preservation of the natural environment by regularly mobilizing its staff. Groupwide programme This section presents all the areas in which accor is acting to improve its impact on the environment and on society: Construction Construction of buildings are blames for 40% if energy consumption and 40% of the worlds CO2 emissions. Main items are heating, lighting and water. Accor will complete to open its 1800 new hotels under their news ecofriendly construction rules. Ecodesign Packaging item creats hundrads of thousands tones of wast in the world every day. Though there is signicant chance to reduce the volume of waste it is not been taken seriously by the big companies who are responsible for this wast related problem. Accor is in constact contact with their suppliers to rethink products, reduce unnecessary quantities and giving priority to recycle materials. Purchasing Accor purchases approximately 3 billion euros in products each year. Present in 90 countries, Accor has significant leverage for change through its purchasing. The Group thus wishes to verify that its suppliers respect its environmental and social commitment. Accor is supplied by over 2800 suppliers around the world. ACCOR strategies to get into new market has been analysed on address six key issues-choice of products, choice of strategic markets, mode of entry, transplanting the corporate DNA, winning the local battle, and speed of global expansion. These six issues helps ACCOR go about building global presence in a systematic manner. Part-3 of the assignment Direction for growth Part-4 of the assignment Recommendation- Guest involvement in Green concept- It can be a good idea to involve ACCOR guest to their green concept. I believe it will help ACCOR hotels to make them a sustainable hotel group in the world. It is my suggestion to chose all old ages guests to invite them to plant tree on the ACCOR hotel premises with hotel and customer partnership basis. The concept can be like a old age customer will be invited to plant a tree that tree will be looked after by the company. But the customer of his/ her next of keen will get of 10% of its partnership. A picture of their tree plantation will be displayed in museum style room. Every year the guest will keep in touch and the progress of the tree will be informed. Every year their family will be invited to an event based on their forestation partnership project. I believe after 15-20 years this project can bring huge revenue for the company. If the customer die their next of keen will be more emossional. I hope their family members will come very often to see that nature friendly activities. I made this elaborately which is very difficult to explain in few words. Justification of the recommendation: Strategic objectives of the recomandation- Selecting third world countries for mid range hotel- Usually there are two types of hotels are being built in third world countries especially in Bangladesh, Vietnam, Sri Lanka and others developing countries. An example can be cited on Bangladesh to justify my recommendation.

Looking out for number one Essay -- essays research papers

Looking Out for Number One: Conflicting Cultural Values in Early Seventeenth-Century Virginia   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  By: T.H Breen   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The main focus of Breen's essay the focus is on the fact that colonists in Virginia were driven and motivated to come to the New World, predominantly for monetary reasons. Virginia's soil was found to be unusually well suited for growing tobacco, which is why it drove such a variety of people to migrate there. The colonists, though said to be religious, were extremely individualistic, selfish, as well as primarily drawn in by the economic opportunity in Virginia. These attitudes and ideals are what consequently resulted in numerous military defeats and massacres. They avoided their military obligations, thus naming them the vulnerable â€Å"poorly defended white settlements.† These settlements were very easy for the Indians to take advantage of, as Breen writes.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Early Virginia's flourishing cultivation of tobacco drew a diversity of people, from fresh war veterans and former soldiers, to adventurers and ordinary people looking to recoup from former monetary losses. However the tobacco did not only alter the country culturally and economically, but it â€Å" threw more wood into the fire.† It strengthened the infamous individualistic attitude the colonists had. The advent...

NO Mandatory Community Service for Students! Essay -- Argumentative Pe

NO Mandatory Community Service for Students! Community service: What a wonderful opportunity for students! A chance for our younger citizens to learn responsibility, experience the satisfaction that comes with helping others and to acquire new skills. Right? Well, that depends who you're talking to. Slip the word "mandatory" behind community service, as school districts in Maryland, Washington, D.C., and hundreds of others have done, and "opportunity" takes a new twist. Opportunity for who? For the students, or for the communities that can now capitalize on students' free labor? (Martin, pg. 13) More than two decades ago, President Nixon ended the military draft. Now a new and more menacing form of enlistment is threatening our school systems. This enlistment I am speaking of is that we are forcing "community service" to be a requirement for high school graduation. Compulsory service programs, already functioning in many communities, typically giving students four years to complete, say, 60 hours of labor. The students must not receive any payment. They can choose whether to serve the elderly, or the poor, or the disabled, so long as they serve others rather than themselves. The penalty for dodging this new draft is simple: no diploma. In Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, angry parents and students took the local school board to court, arguing that such a mandatory service program for high school students imposed the kind ...

The Struggle in My Name is Asher Lev and Naked Lunch :: Asher Lev Naked Lunch Essays

The Struggle in My Name is Asher Lev and Naked Lunch Though most of the experiences and actions revealed in William S. Burroughs' Naked Lunch directly contradict philosophies believed by the Jewish faith, there is a definite connection between My Name is Asher Lev and Naked Lunch. This connection lies is the narrators' artistic roles in society. Both Lev and Burroughs stray from the surrealistic aspect of their mediums: art and writing, respectively, and portray life as they see that it really is. There is no embellishing on either of their parts nor is there any glorification to the events happening around them. William S. Burroughs wrote Naked Lunch as a conclusion to his fifteen-year addiction to opiates, mainly heroin and morphine. In his "tell all" story of himself as a junkie, he never tries to lie about any of the events that took place during this time and he never augments anything in order to make for a better story. Burroughs clearly depicted the distraught and dillusional life that he once led including his experiences with almost every drug possible and his encounters with sexual relations and situations that went against the status quo of the time (as it still does now). Burroughs' role as in artist in society, however, was that he was one of the people that clearly showed why the life of a drug addict was not as glorifying and "cool" as people falsely make it out to be. The phases of drug addiction are able to be clearly seen throughout the novel since Naked Lunch was a book written before, during, and after his drug rehabilitation. Just as Burroughs reveals the drug underground as it really is, Asher Lev is an artist of reality. His talent for art was recognized early in his life, but it was some years later that his view of the world became more apparent. He was neither a pessimist nor was his an optimist, but his drawing capture a little of both realms. He drew what he felt: what he saw as reality in his mind. More often in the book, however, do we see Asher's pessimistic views on the world come out because of the events that are going on in his life. "I don't like the world, Mama. It's not pretty. I won't draw it pretty." (52) Just like Burroughs, Asher does not think about what would be acceptable to those who view his works, or the beliefs of his religion, or if what he is drawing may be considered wrong; he just draws what he truly feels at the time.

Philippines Cultural Assessment Essay

The primary language that business is conducted in the Philippines is English. This is a result of the American influenced era which began in 1898. One should not assume that just because English is the most commonly used language that both verbal and nonverbal forms of communication are conducted the same way that they are in America. The Philippines business environment is known to be highly personalized. The communication style of the Philippines has also been perceived as difficult to comprehend due to its diplomatic and complex language which is derived from its Asian roots. (http://www.worldbusinessculture.com/Filipino-Business-Communication-Style.html) It is common in the Philippines, as well as most Asian countries, for people to have an extremely difficult time saying ‘no’ because they tend to try to avoid hurting others feelings. Saying ‘no’ to someone can also be viewed by others as confrontational and unfriendly. Because of this Filipino’s would rather say ‘yes’ even if they mean ‘no.’ (http://www.worldbusinessculture.com/Filipino-Business-Communication-Style.html) Filipinos’ dialogue-oriented, rather emotional communication somewhat resembles Spanish, but is less forceful and exuberant. As a show of respect, Filipinos usually address people by their titles (e.g., Architect Cruz, Attorney Jose, Dr. Romero). Over time, and after a relationship is established, they may address business associate by their informal title or nickname. (http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/4205562/National-Cultural-Profiles-Philippines.html) In the Filipino culture a pervasive smile can easily be interpreted as agreement or affirmation in what has just been discussed. That same smile can easily be used to hide embarrassment, aggravation on disagreement. Nonverbal signs of affirmation include the raising of an eyebrow and the jerking of the head upward. A common sign for â€Å"no† include the jerk of the head down. For example, if an individual says â€Å"yes† while pointing their head downward you can be fairly certain that they feel negatively about what you have been discussing. (http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/4205562/National-Cultural-Profiles-Philippines.html) Although in most cultures it is common for both men and women to shake hands with one another when they are first introduced or when greeting each other, that is not the case in the Filipino culture. Any form of touching, especially men touching women is frowned upon by Filipinos. (http://www.intercultures.ca/cil-cai/ci-ic-eng.asp?iso=ph#cn-2) The Philippines are split into three different regions called, â€Å"Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao.† Gender roles in the Philippines are found in school systems, dating, marriage, and especially their families. When Filipino’s are born they assume their gender role by their sex. Males get more respect for the most part because females take after their mothers and elder women to take less dominating roles, also being more feminine in the jobs they choose to hold. Men are categorized into the more dominating roles in society. Men are brought up to take after their fathers or the elder man in their life. They are defined as being more confident, accomplished, and well-rounded individuals. School systems are strict on students, making them look presentable, especially males. Males are required to have short hair and females must wear skirts down to their shins. Dressing inappropriately is not tolerated. Males and females got to the same school but they divide them into two separate parts of the school. Attending a college or university for the average person is highly unlikely because there is no financial aid available so only the wealthy go and receives the higher education. Education is very important to Filipinos and is stressed by their parents to have the best education possible to be successful. Format for names, the country being a predominant catholic, old folks follow the old traditional way of naming their children after the names of the saints. In Luzon, the largest island and where the capital sits, has a strong western influence, naming mostly patterned like the westerners. The country is patriarchal when it comes to family roles. The male or the fathers are always the head and of the household and the final word when it comes to domestic affair. There are regions, like in south Mindanao, the grand chief of the village is the eldest and the wealthiest of the clan where his power over other members of the clan is important even on domestic affairs. The female or the wife is expected to be the care taker of the household, including keeping up with the children. They do not have voicing power compared to the husband (Heinrich 2008) Dating among the Filipino’s is not usually done unless they are eighteen years old because education is most important. Even then when they start dating the male will pay for the female.

Gender Equality Essay

Irrespective of the country and the cultures people live in, it is next to impossible to keep the question of gender equality hidden in the modern society. When the word gender equality was voiced in the 19th century what was been sought was political rights. Not only then but also today inequality between men and women has been evident in our society. Discrimination against women is an act that has had a lot of negative impact in our society and to the women themselves. This has been demonstrated through gender violence, economic discrimination, reproductive health inequalities and harmful traditional practices. It is a concern to the whole world to a point of making the affirmative action to fix this problem. Gender equality first and foremost is a human right; women are entitled to live in dignity and in freedom from fear and want (Tomasevski, 1993). Should men and women be equal in the modern society? Men and women are equal; only that women are victims of pervert social progress. Gender discrimination between men and women leads to unequal access to the resources and benefits of development. see more:gender discrimination short essay Gender inequality affects all people; sustainable gains in development and poverty reduction are only possible when men and women are full and equal participants in society. Men and women are different but they are equal in that whatever men can do their women counter parts can do it well. Men and women are equal what brings the discrimination is the socialization that men and women get. The notion that women are weak has denied many women with the ability to exploit the abilities they have (Tierney, 2007). Men and women are equal in so many aspects and should be equal. Politically, financially and academically no much difference that can be noted, it is insignificant. In the political realms there are women who are doing extemporal well. Taking the example of the just concluded US election Hillary Clinton had good support and motions that would be bought by the rest of the candidates. In the world of business we have Oprah Winfrey; an indicator of what women can do. She is competing among the men in that field and still her success is a threat to many. In the modern society women have been known to take responsibilities of raising the families. Women have come up so well in that their dependency level is going down even though they are discriminated in salaries. This is a proof enough that if women are given equal opportunity with men they can do much well. In the employment sector women are taking those opportunities which were thought to be for men (Kramarae & Spender, 2000). Women are managers of big companies and also owners just as men. They are also well represented in the government sectors and in the government. They have become career makers. Men have the initiative of sharing the household responsibilities. It is a common occurrence that couples can choose whether it is the woman or the man who will get a leave to take care of their new borne baby. Men and women are equal in the eyes of the law; they are subjected under the same law. Women are equal to men in all aspects hence in the modern society they should get the right to basic needs, education, job training and employment as men do. Empowering women is a great tool for reducing poverty and advancing development. Empowered women contribute to productivity and health in the families and communities and hence improved prospects for the next generation (Cross, 2001). The idea that men are stronger physically is just a preference of a few. If women are given similar opportunities as men they can perform equally well. Denial of opportunity has contributed to decreased performance of women in various areas. On the other hand both women and men should not forget their roles though sharing of responsibilities is taking root in the modern society. References: Cross, P. L. (2001): Women’s Rights are Human Rights; Human Rights are Women’s Rights. Retrieved on 29th Dec, 2008 from: http://www. pinn. net/~sunshine/essays/w_rights. html Kramarae, C. , Spender D, (2000): Routledge International Encyclopaedia of Women: Global Women’s Issues and Knowledge. ISBN 0415920906, 9780415920902, Routledge Tierney, J. (2007): Men and Women, Different but Equal: What’s the Problem? Retrieved on 29th Dec, 2008 from: http://tierneylab. blogs. nytimes. com/2007/09/09/men-and-women-different-but-equal-whats-the-problem/ Tomasevski, K. , (1993). Women and Human Rights. ISBN 185649120X, 9781856491204, Zed Books

International Association of Bloodstain Pattern Analysts Essay

Bloodstain pattern analysis is one technique of several in the discipline of forensic science. This technique of using bloodstains as evidences is not new; however, the application of modern science has made bloodstain analysis more and more reliable (Wikipedia). When current technologies and advances within DNA analysis become available to enforcement agencies, the apprehension of criminals and offenders become less problematic (Wikipedia). The forensic science of bloodstain pattern analysis applies scientific knowledge from other disciplines in order to solve a myriad of practical problems. Bloodstain pattern analysis can draw on biology, chemistry, math, and physics, among others (Wikipedia). When an analyst follows a strict scientific process, this applied science can produce strong, solid evidence (Wikipedia). This is an imperative tool when in the hands of law enforcement. An understanding of bloodstain analysis may allow first responders to a crime scene the know-how in currently collecting and preserving any bloodstain data (Wikipedia). Bloodstain analysts receive specialized training. The foundation course in bloodstain pattern analysis is the Basic Bloodstain Pattern Analysis Course. This is taught at many government and private institutions. The course criterion was developed by the International Association of Bloodstain Pattern Analysts (IABPA) with the following stated purpose: A course of instruction designed for investigators, crime scene technicians, forensic technicians, and others involved in criminal and medical-legal investigations and crime scene analysis. The course is intended to develop a fundamental knowledge of the discipline of bloodstain pattern analysis. The course should illustrate to the student basic principals of bloodstain pattern analysis and the practical application of the discipline to actual casework. The course syllabus is not intended to create an â€Å"instant† expert. There are three classifications of bloodstains: passive, projected, and transfer/contact. These classifications were developed by the IABPA. Passive stains are developed when the acting force creating it is gravity. A passive pattern is then divided into three sub-categories: passive drop, drip pattern, and flow pattern (IABPA). Passive drops are created by the force of gravity alone, and the drip pattern is created when blood drips into blood. The flow pattern is a change in shape or direction due to influence of gravity or movement of the object (IABPA). Projected blood patterns are the result of an energy source being transferred through blood. There are several types: low velocity impact spatter (LVIS), medium velocity impact spatter (MVIS), high velocity impact spatter (HVIS), and expiratory blood (IABPA). The three types of velocity impact patterns are caused when an impact at either a low, medium, or high velocity make contact with the blood source (i. e. medium impact = a battery; high impact = a gunshot). An expiratory pattern is blown out of the nose, mouth, or a wound as a result of air pressure and/or air flow which is the propelling force (IABPA). A transfer/contact stain is the result of a blood bearing object coming in contact with a non-blood bearing object – thus causing the transfer of blood. Two types of transfer/contact patterns are the wipe and swipe pattern. A wipe bloodstain pattern created when an object moves through an existing stain, removing and/or altering its appearance. A swipe pattern is the transfer of blood from a moving source onto an unstained surface (IABPA). Blood splatter flight characteristics show that blood tends to form a sphere in flight opposed to the artistic teardrop shape. This is the result in the surface tension that binds the molecules together. This spherical shape is important to the calculation angle of incidence of blood when it hits a surface. This angle is then used to determine the point of origin (PO) – the original area where the blood originated in (Wikipedia). In 1954, Marilyn Sheppard was bludgeoned to death in her home. Her husband, Dr. Sam Sheppard survived what he called an attack by an intruder. Dr. Sheppard reported that he had been knocked unconscious as he tried to defend his wife (Lyle). Their home was ransacked. Investigators would come to realize that Dr. Sheppard had no blood located on his body nor clothing, and he denied ever cleaning up before the police arrived (Lyle). This troubled the police. The attack was so brutal that the killer would have been covered in blood, and Dr. Shepard should have had blood transfers located on his body or clothes. Sheppard had no blood located on his hands, which would be impossible because he said he checked for a pulse of his wife’s neck, which was covered in blood. Furthermore, Sheppard claimed that his watch, wallet, ring and keys were missing. This was true. A bag with these items was found no too far from the house; however, they had to traces of blood. Moreover, Sheppard’s pants had no blood on them – impossible is the killer robbed him with bloody hands (Lyle). The watch, however, did have traces of blood. Theses blood splatters came from flying droplets, indicating that the watch must have been close when the victim was received the fatal blows. If the watch made contact with her neck – as he checked for a pulse – the watch would have blood smears and not droplets (Lyle). Police determined that Dr. Sheppard most likely bludgeoned his wife to death. Then he cleaned himself and trashed the items outside the house were police would find them and made the house look as if it was a burglary (Lyle). Based in large part on the blood evidence, or lack of it, Sheppard was convicted of murder. After spending ten years in prison, Sheppard was released when the U. S. Supreme Court overturned his conviction. A representative from the coroner’s office stated that the blood located on Sheppard’s watch represented a blood splatter. This means the watch must have present when the blows were struck (Lyle). A renowned criminalist, Dr. Paul Kirk testified that the blood on the watch was a result of Sheppard checking his wife’s pulse. If so, why was the watch found outside the house? This controversy still surrounds the case. In 2004, Nick Berg was horrifically murdered by insurgents in Iraq. His throat was cut and he was decapitated. His body was found by an Iraqi overpass. The tape was on review on May 11, 2004 for a type of bloodstain analysis. Laura Mansfield, certified in bloodstain analysis by the Laboratory of Forensic Science and is a member of the IABPA, begins her analysis of the footage (Crime Library). It’s reported: â€Å"The time displays 13:45:47 in the lower right corner, the victim is pushed onto his left side where his legs are bent at the knees and raised toward his chest and his arms still tied behind his back. At this point, the video becomes out of focus and essentially useless for the purposes of analysis from approximately 90 frames. As the video comes back into focus, the primary assailant is viewed using the knife to cut the throat of the victim, beginning at the area near his left carotid artery. Almost immediately, blood is seen â€Å"pouring† onto the floor (target surface) from the wound caused by the incision (Crime Library). † There appears to be an edit point. At this point the primary insurgent is no longer holding the knife. â€Å"The individual wearing the white hood and previously standing on the right side of the primary assailant is now using the knife in a saw-like manner, holding the knife in (his) right hand while holding the victims hair with (his) left hand. At 13:47:xx, the individual wearing the white hood ultimately detaches the victim’s head from his body and holds the head outward in (his) left hand, still holding the knife in (his) right (Crime Library). † The frames that follow appear to jump, at which time the victim’s head is completely detached and the primary object in the frame. Through out the video, time changes frequently from military time back to â€Å"regular† time and vice versa. â€Å"Interestingly, the time display on the video changes to 2:46:20 (regular time format) and then switches back to 13:48:45 (military format) while the victim’s head is shown detached from his body in a similar series of frames (Crime Library). † Bloodstain pattern analysis is an age-old technique, which with new technologies and advancements aid in the capture and prosecution of criminals. This analysis procedure is used in many different ways and draw upon a myriad of disciplines. In result of a strict process, bloodstain pattern analysis will prove solid, concrete evidence and is a useful tool in the hands of law enforcement. References IABPA (International Association of Bloodstain Pattern Analysts). Suggested IABPA Terminology List. Date visited 8 April 2006. http://www. iabpa. org/Terminology. pdf Lyle, D. P. , MD. Uncovering the Evidence: Those Messy Bloodstains. Forensics for Dummies. John Wiley & Sons Inc. p. 98 Nick Berg Tape. Crime Library. Court Tv. Date visited 8 April 2006. http://www. crimelibrary. com/about/authors/mansfield/ Wikipedia Online. Bloodstain Pattern Analysis. Date visited 9 April 2006. http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Bloodstain_pattern_analysis

Actions That Contribute To Achieving Food Security Environmental Sciences Essay

In this new epoch, 38 % of Earth ‘s surface is left for agribusiness intent to pattern the cultivation of dirt for bring forthing harvest every bit good as raising farm animal for human usage and ingestion. Cropland which grows works harvest and rangeland ; croping animate being farm animal depend on healthy dirt. However, dirts are going infertile in many part of the universe due to assorted causes. Soil eroding is the particular causes of dirt debasement. Under the cognition of agricultural harvest scientific discipline and production ; scientists prove several agriculture schemes to forestall dirt debasement by the rule and patterns of cropping system ; that is harvest rotary motion, contour agriculture, intercropping, terrassing, windbreaks and preservation cultivated land. Crop rotary motion is jumping the harvest planted that can reconstruct to dirty together with fight plague and diseases Contour agriculture is seting along contour lines of inclines assisting in cut downing eroding on hillsides. Intercropping is blending harvests such as strip cropping can supply foods and cut down eroding. Terracing, cutting stair stairss or patios are the lone manner to farm highly steep hillsides without doing monolithic eroding. It requires labour-intensive to make, but has been a pillar for centuries in the Himalayas and the Andes. Windbreaks are the rows of aggressive trees around harvest plantings provide shelterbelts, cut downing eroding by air current. Conservation cultivated land is about no-till and reduced-tillage agriculture leaves old harvest residue on the land alternatively of ploughing it into dirt. This covers the dirt, maintaining it in topographic point. Here, maize grows up out of a â€Å" cover harvest. † Therefore, by following the rule of cropping system, there will hold an addition in dirt birthrate and productiveness. Hence, we can cultivate the mass production of output which encourages the solution to nutrient security against dirt debasement. Like that, agribusiness has proven much scientific cognition towards response and version of clime alteration to guarantee the stableness in agricultural nutrient security production. Adaptations such as altering seting day of the months and taking longer season assortments are likely to countervail losingss or farther addition outputs. Engendering for response to CO2 will probably be necessary to accomplish strong fertilisation consequence assumed in the harvest surveies. This is an undeveloped chance and the chances for choosing for CO2 response are good. However, efforts to engender for a individual feature are frequently non successful, unless other traits and interactions are considered. Engendering for tolerance to climatic emphasis has already been to a great extent exploited and assortments that do best under ideal conditions normally they besides outperform other assortments under emphasis conditions. Breeding specific assortments for specific conditions of clime emphasis is hence less likely to meet success. Some versions to climate alteration and its impacts can hold negative secondary effects. For illustration it relates to agricultural chemical usage. An addition the usage of pesticides and weedkillers is one version to increased insects, weeds, and diseases associated with warming. Runoff of these chemicals into prairie wetlands, groundwater, and rivers and lakes could endanger drinking H2O supplies, coastal Waterss, diversion countries, and water bird home ground. The broad uncertainnesss in clime scenarios, regional fluctuation in clime effects, and interactions of environment, economic sciences, and farm policy suggest that there are no simple and widely applicable version prescriptions. Farmers will necessitate to accommodate loosely to altering conditions in agribusiness, of which altering clime is merely one factor. Some of the possible versions more straight related to climate include:Sowing day of the months and other seasonal alterations:Plant two harvests alternatively of one or a spring and autumn harvest with a short fallow period to avoid inordinate heat and drouth in summer solstice. For already warm turning countries, winter cropping could perchance go more productive than summer cropping.New harvest assortments:The familial base is really wide for many harvests, and biotechnology offers new potency for presenting salt tolerance, plague opposition, and general betterments in harvest output and quality.Water supply, irrigation, an d drainage systems:Technologies and direction methods exist to increase irrigation efficiency and cut down jobs of dirt debasement, but in many countries, the economic inducements to cut down uneconomical patterns do non be. Increased precipitation and more intense precipitation will probably intend that some countries will necessitate to increase their usage of drainage systems in order to avoid implosion therapy and water-logging of dirts.Cultivated land patterns:A heater clime will speed up the decay of dirt organic affairs by bacteriums and Fungis. Loss of organic affair reduces the capacity of dirts to hive away H2O and foods indispensable for works growing. Tillage patterns that incorporate harvest residues in the dirts would probably battle this loss and better dirt quality.Other direction accommodations:Virtually all constituents of the farming system from seting to reaping and to selling might be modified to set to climate alteration. In visible radiation of the above, the agricultural sector faces assorted challenges. While intensification and variegation of agribusiness is a critical tool to procuring nutrient for local people, in the absence of clear apprehension of their impacts on agribusiness, they can every bit good be debatable. Albeit measures to cut down the usage of fertilisers, to increase organic inputs and to deploy new assortments of harvests are suggested as better agronomic patterns, more lucidity is required sing their impacts on clime. Livestock sector is besides one of the rule causes of nutrient security due to climate alteration. For illustration, its consequence will be chiefly related to heat emphasis, low provender quality, deficit of H2O and cyclonal conditions. The causes of these effects are shown as follows.Temperature additionCan take to lower fresh fish productiveness in the Lowlandss ( e.g. lower transporting capacity in cervid ranching ) Decrease feed intake taking to low productiveness ( E.g. low milk output ) Lower productiveness in domestic fowl and increase mortality rate ; Higher plague and disease incidenceCyclone consequenceIncreased harm to livestock lodging Loss of animate beings More attending to the demands of animate beings The Response and Adaptations Measures of Livestock sector may change the environment to minimise the host consequence of climatic alteration. Cooling, shading and lodging are graphic analogies. The hereafter of agribusiness depends on agricultural research and engineering transportation. Since, agricultural biotechnology signifiers portion of research and development, it is truly a aggregation of scientific atomic techniques, including familial technology, used to better workss, animate beings and micro-organisms. Throughout history societies have been concerned with holding a safe and abundant nutrient supply. Our ascendants have learned to better their harvests and farm animal by engendering them to be tougher and supply more nutrient. As a consequence, now most of our harvests and farm animate beings ‘ expression and gustatory sensation are different compared to centuries ago. Today, harvests and farm animal can be modified even more exactly through biotechnology. In short, agricultural biotechnology signifiers portion of the tools for productiveness, quality and green infirmary to fulfill nutrient security. Agricultural biotechnology is a new subject of biological science incorporating with technological scientific discipline for obtaining maximal benefits to adult male and other signifiers of life. It is the development and usage of new engineerings that have brought a go oning addition in agricultural productiveness, quality and green productiveness in footings of bettering wellness and diminishing environmental hazards. An illustration are shown below The image below shows the scientific every bit good as the tool of agricultural biotechnology for several utile applications for advancing productiveness Quality and green productiveness. Hence, biotechnology is tool of productiveness, quality and green productiveness in several sectors. Such as in wellness attention service ; Invention and productiveness in wellness attention are being led by biotechnology Creation of new categories of therapeutics Antibodies Cloned Proteins Mapping/sequencing the human genome Deoxyribonucleic acid fingerprinting Vaccines Infectious diseases Cancer and chronic diseases Control of diabetes with Humalina or Homologa Pharmacokinetic Plant Biotechnology is the survey of works that can be modified to convey approximately many types of alterations which can be advantageous refering nutrient security to consumers, the nutrient industry, husbandmans and people in the underdeveloped universe. Familial alteration can besides lend towards a more sustainable signifier of agribusiness and convey environmental benefits. Tissue civilization is one of the good theoretical accounts of the above apprehensions that are about the cultivation of works tissues or variety meats on specially formulated alimentary media. Tissue civilization is seen as an of import engineering for developing states or the production of disease-free, high quality seting stuffs and the production of unvarying workss Genetically modified nutrients are made from works or microorganisms that have had led to one or more features changed in changing their cistrons ; for illustration a works might hold its cistron modified to do it resistant to peculiar works diseases to better its nutrient quality or to assist it turn faster Therefore, Plant Biotechnology is a chief beginning of productiveness, quality and green productiveness. It is a value added to satisfy nutrient security for the universe population by Bettering gustatory sensation and visual aspect. Better colour, longer shelf life, more sugar/starch etc. Bettering nutritionary qualities Oil seed with reduced concentrated fat content. Enhancing processing and harvest home ( cheaper faster cleaner ) Alteration of tomatoes to detain maturation has led to cheaper tomato merchandises. Increasing ability to contend insects, disease and weeds Increased virus opposition Decreased pesticide usage Herbicide tolerance Resistance to drouth or environmental emphasis Benefits for parts of the universe where the demand for nutrient is increasing significantly and there is non plenty good cultivable land. Transgenic Organisms is a particular method of biotechnology for increasing positively about productiveness and quality facets where the production of transgenic beings involves the injection of foreign DNA into an egg. The egg is so fertilized and placed inside a alternate being which carries the transgenic being to term. Transgenic workss can be produced with works cell civilization. Foreign DNA is used to transform disassociated works cells that are so grown in civilization. Green productiveness of biotechnology is termed as green biotechnology under which it enhances environmental protection ; some illustrations are ; Cleaning up pollution through Bioremediation: â€Å" The usage of bugs to digest and change over unwanted waste stuff into harmless substances † Cleaning oil spills utilizing populating being Produce biomass for bioenergy intents or to change over biomass to biofuel. Biomass refers to workss or animal-based stuffs such as harvest, harvest residues, trees, carnal fats, byproducts and wastes obtained from agribusiness, wood and industrial and municipal beginnings. Agro security is at that place most of import undertaking to heighten nutrient security. Like any other sector of agribusiness, the nutrient industry is at hazard from Agro terrorist act and bio-terrorism. Agro terrorist act in the nutrient processing industry refers to the knowing sabotage or taint of a nutrient merchandise during processing, storage or distribution with the purpose to do physical injury to the individual who eats the nutrient, every bit good as economic injury to the nutrient production sector and to the economic system. Whereas biological terrorism is the calculated release of viruses, bacteriums, or other sources ( agents ) used to do unwellness or decease in people, animate beings, or workss. For this ground ; biosafety and biosecurity is biotechnological tool for put into pattern of nutrient security. It has ever been impossible to wholly extinguish all hazards. However, hazards can be managed and minimized in two ways: By implementing programs that deter knowing taint and therefore forestall it and By observing jobs early in the event that they do occur and holding a system in topographic point to cover with the state of affairs so that inauspicious effects are kept to a lower limit. Prevention of agroterrorism in the nutrient industry focuses on the â€Å" 3P ‘s † – Plant, Personnel and Procedures. These same rules can be applied to on-farm security every bit good. Security at the works or production installation means restricting entree. This can be done by a assortment of methods including utilizing fencings, Gatess, security guards, locks, ID badges for employees, security cameras, etc. If the works has a research lab, the research lab must keep the security of any biohazards, pathogens and toxins that are present. The works must besides decently shop and utilize any toxic chemicals they may hold such as cleansing supplies and pesticides. Farms must besides take particular attention in keeping the security of toxic chemicals used in production. Secure storage is an of import issue. Farm chemicals in the incorrect custodies can go arms. The 2nd â€Å" P † refers to forces. Food industries should: Carefully test their employees Supervise and proctor employees in their day-to-day work assignments Provide and require usage of exposure badges or other signifier of positive designation for their employees Restrict entree to research lab installations, to agents and to computing machine systems Provide employees developing in nutrient security or nutrient defence processs Monitor unusual behaviour of any employee Have policies in topographic point sing the wellness of employees and when they can or can non work Train forces in processs for covering with visitants and the populace so that entree is limited or prevented. Many of these patterns for the nutrient industry are besides good patterns for the farm, including restricting entree or visitants to the farm. The 3rd â€Å" P † stands for processs. Food industries must be prepared to cover with merchandise meddling and other malicious Acts of the Apostless. They must hold policies and processs in topographic point for covering with visitants. They must be able to follow their merchandises – where ingredients or nutrients came from and where they are directing the merchandise by maintaining accurate records and coverage imports. Companies should hold a scheme in topographic point for originating callbacks if necessary. They must hold a process for look intoing leery activity. Food industries should continually measure their policies and processs to be certain they have the best programs possible for guaranting safety and covering with exigencies. In nutrient industries every bit good as in other countries of agribusiness, the keys to success for nutrient defence include: Supplying preparation for employees and increasing their consciousness of the importance of nutrient safety Having programs in topographic point for exigencies Have unfastened lines of communicating and coverage within the company and Planing procedures and systems with agroterrorism hazards in head. To promote nutrient seurity, the United Nations should do proviso of equal fund through administrations like FAO to construct international pact. International pact is a new, binding international instrument between states that trade with works familial resources for nutrient and agribusiness such as SADC Plant Genetic Resources Centre. It scopes internationally agreed model for the aggregation, preservation, generation, regeneration, word picture, rating, and certification on endangered species for sustainable usage by being stored in the cistron bank. Besides, it aims as the carnival and just sharing of benefits derived from their usage, in harmoniousness with the Convention on Biological Diversity, for sustainable agribusiness and nutrient security. As some 10,000 old ages ago, agribusiness began, with the independent Neolithic revolutions around the universe in â€Å" Centres of beginning † for illustration, barley and wheat were domesticated in the Near East, rice in Sout h-East Asia, the murphies in the Andes, millet and sorghum in Africa, and maize in Central America. Nevertheless, due to Agriculture international pact based on Multilateral System of Access and Benefit-sharing, non on exclusivity, they built relationships among states. They have been swapped non merely the cistrons within their harvests but besides carnal contained in their local assortments. Hence, now such harvest and animate being have propagated worldwide for domestication that made better colony of life possible, and human populations grew tremendously, in many topographic points taking to metropoliss, and with metropoliss, civilization. Population denseness led coevals after coevals to travel over the following hill. The above figure shows the development of Treaty ‘s Regulating Body that harvests have spread all over the universe, and overpoweringly Food security towards an mutualist universe. Therefore ; International pact fund acts as a beginning of support for advancing communicating and squad work among universe states. ( Gerald Moore and Witold Tymowshi ( 2005 ) )