THE KNIGHTS Essay Example For Students

THE KNIGHTS Essay A monologue from the play by Aristophanes NOTE: This monologue is reprinted from Aristophanes: The Eleven Comedies. Trans. Anonymous. London: The Athenian Society, 1922. SAUSAGE-SELLER: The story is worth hearing. Listen! From here I rushed straight to the Senate, right in the track of this man; he was already letting loose the storm, unchaining the lightning, crushing the Knights beneath huge mountains of calumnies heaped together and having all the air of truth; he called you conspirators and his lies caught root like weeds in every mind; dark were the looks on every side and brows were knitted. When I saw that the Senate listened to him favourably and was being tricked by his imposture I said to myself, Come, gods of rascals and braggarts, gods of all fools, toad-eaters and braggarts and thou, market-place, where I was bred from my earliest days, give me unbridled audacity, an untiring chatter and a shameless voice. No sooner had I ended this prayer than a lewd man broke wind on my right. Hah! tis a good omen, said I, and prostrated myself; then I burst open the door by a vigorous push with my back, and, opening my mouth to the utmost, shouted, Se nators, I wanted you to be the first to hear the good news; since the War broke out, I have never seen anchovies at a lower price! All faces brightened at once and I was voted a chaplet for my good tidings; and I added, With a couple of words I will reveal to you, how you can have quantities of anchovies for an obol; tis to seize on all the dishes the merchants have. With mouths gaping with admiration, they applauded me. However, the Paphlagonian winded the matter and, well knowing the sort of language which pleases the Senate best, said, Friends, I am resolved to offer one hundred oxen to the goddess in recognition of this happy event. The Senate at once veered to his side. So when I saw myself defeated by this ox filth, I outbade the fellow, crying, Two hundred! And beyond this I moved, that a vow be made to Diana of a thousand goats if the next day anchovies should only be worth an obol a hundred. And the Senate looked towards me again. The other, stunned with the blow, grew deli rious in his speech, and at last the Prytanes and the guards dragged him out. The Senators then stood talking noisily about the anchovies. Cleon, however, begged them to listen to the Laced?monian envoy, who had come to make proposals of peace; but all with one accord, cried, Tis certainly not the moment to think of peace now! If anchovies are so cheap, what need have we of peace? Let the war take its course! And with loud shouts they demanded that the Prytanes should close the sitting and then leapt over the rails in all directions. As for me, I slipped away to buy all the coriander seed and leeks there were on the market and gave it to them gratis as seasoning for their anchovies. Twas marvellous! They loaded me with praises and caresses; thus I conquered the Senate with an obols worth of leeks, and here I am. We will write a custom essay on THE KNIGHTS specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now

Distinguish Between Cost Push and Demand Pull Inflation Essays

Distinguish Between Cost Push and Demand Pull Inflation Essays Distinguish Between Cost Push and Demand Pull Inflation Paper Distinguish Between Cost Push and Demand Pull Inflation Paper Can you remember how much you paid for the same items you buy now, two years ago? This increase in the general price level of goods and services in an economy is inflation, measured by the Consumer Price Index and the Producer Price Index; Commonly referred to as Inflation. There are however, different types of inflations, each affected by different factors. Aggregate supply is the total volume of goods and services produced by an economy at a given price level. When there is a decrease in the ggregate supply of goods and services stemming from an increase in the cost of production, we have cost-push inflation. Cost-push inflation basically means that prices have been pushed up by increases in costs of any of the four factors of production (labor, capital, land or enterprise) when companies are already running at full production capacity. With higher production costs and productivity maximized, companies cannot maintain profit margins by producing the same amounts of goods and services. As a result, the increased costs are passed on to consumers, causing a ise in the general price level (inflation). A company may need to increases wages if laborers demand higher salaries (due to increasing prices and thus cost of living) or if labor becomes more specialized. If the cost of labor, a factor of production, increases, the company has to allocate more resources to pay for the creation of its goods or services. To continue to maintain (or increase) profit margins, the company passes the increased costs of production on to the consumer, making retail prices higher. Along with increasing sales, increasing prices is a way for companies to onstantly increase their bottom lines and essentially grow. Another factor that can cause increases in production costs is a rise in the price of raw materials. This could occur because of scarcity of raw materials, an increase in the cost of labor and/or an increase in the cost of importing raw materials and labor (if the they are overseas), which is caused by a depreciation in their home currency. The government may also increase taxes to cover higher fuel and energy costs, forcing companies to allocate more resources to paying taxes. The graph on the left shows the level of output that an be achieved at each price level. As production costs increase, aggregate supply decreases from ASI to AS2 (given production is at full capacity), causing an increase in the price level from Pl to P2. The motivation behind this increase is that, for companies to maintain (or increase) profit margins, they will need to raise the retail price paid by consumers, thereby causing inflation. Demand Pull Inflation, however, occurs when there is an increase in aggregate demand, categorized by the four sections of the macro economy: households, usinesses, governments and foreign buyers. When these four sectors simultaneously want to purchase more output than the economy can produce, they compete to purchase limited amounts of goods and services. Buyers, in essence, bid prices up, again, causing inflation. This excessive demand, also referred to as too increase in aggregate demand that causes demand-pull inflation can be the result of various economic dynamics. For example, an increase in government purchases can increase aggregate demand, thus pulling up prices. Another factor can be the epreciation of local exchange rates, which raises the price of imports and, for foreigners, reduces the price of exports. As a result, the purchasing of imports decreases while the buying of exports by foreigners increases, thereby raising the overall level of aggregate demand (we are assuming aggregate supply cannot keep up with aggregate demand as a result of full employment in the economy). Rapid overseas growth can also ignite an increase in demand as more exports are consumed by foreigners. Finally, if government reduces taxes, households are left ith more disposable income in their pockets. This in turn leads to increased consumer spending, thus increasing aggregate demand and eventually causing demand-pull inflation. The results of reduced taxes can lead also to growing consumer confidence in the local economy, which further increases aggregate demand. When aggregate demand increases without a change in aggregate supply, the quantity supplied will increase. If aggregate demand increases from ADI to AD2, in the short run, this will not shift aggregate supply, but cause a change in the uantity supplied as represented by a movement along the AS curve. The reasoning behind this lack of shift in aggregate supply is that aggregate demand tends to react faster to changes in economic conditions than aggregate supply. As companies increase production due to increased demand, the cost to produce each additional output increases, as represented by the change from Pl to P2. This is because companies would need to pay workers more money (e. g. overtime) and/or invest in additional equipment to keep up with demand, thereby increasing the cost of production.

Amplitude Modulation (AM) Process Overview

Amplitude Modulation (AM) Process Overview Modulation is the process of modifying the characteristic of one signal in accordance with some characteristic of another signal. In most cases, the information signal, be it voice, video, binary data, or some other information, is normally used to modify a higher-frequency signal known as the carrier. The information signal is usually called the modulating signal, and the higher-frequency signal which is being modulated is called the carrier or modulated wave. The carrier is usually a sine wave, while the information signal can be of any shape, permitting both analog and digital signals to be transmitted. In most cases, the carrier frequency is considerably higher than the highest information frequency to be transmitted. 4.2 Amplitude Modulation (AM) Amplitude modulation is the process of changing the amplitude of a relatively high frequency carrier signal in proportion with the instantaneous value of the modulating signal (information). The carrier frequency remains constant durin g the modulation process but that its amplitude varies in accordance with the modulating signal. An increase in the modulating signal amplitude causes the amplitude of the carrier to increase. Both the positive and negative peaks of the carrier wave vary with the modulating signal. An increase or decrease in the amplitude of the modulating signal causes a corresponding increase or decrease in both the positive and negative peaks of the carrier amplitude. If you interconnect the positive and negative peaks of the carrier waveform with an imaginary line, then you re-create the exact shape of the modulating information signal. This imaginary line on the carrier waveform is known as the envelope, and it is the same as the modulating signal. Amplitude modulation that results in two sidebands and a carrier is often called double sideband amplitude modulation (DSB-AM). In its basic form, amplitude modulation produces a signal with power concentrated at the carrier frequency and in two adja cent sidebands. Each sideband is equal in bandwidth to that of the modulating signal and is a mirror image of the other. Amplitude modulation is inefficient in terms of power usage and much of it is wasted. At least two-thirds of the power is concentrated in the carrier signal, which carries no useful information; the remaining power is split between two identical sidebands, though only one of these is needed since they contain identical information. 4.2.1 Mathematical Representation of AM Suppose we wish to modulate a simple sine wave on a carrier wave. The equation for the carrier wave of frequency fc, taking its phase to be a reference phase of zero, is The equation for the simple sine wave of frequency fm (the signal we wish to broadcast) is Amplitude modulation is performed simply by adding vm(t) to Vc. The amplitude-modulated signal is then The formula for vam(t) above may be written The broadcast signal consists of the carrier wave plus two sinusoidal waves each with a freque ncy slightly different from fc, known as sidebands. For the sinusoidal signals used here, these are at fc + fm and fc − fm. As long as the broadcast (carrier wave) frequencies are sufficiently spaced out so that these side bands do not overlap, stations will not interfere with one another.

Stem Cells Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Stem Cells - Research Paper Example Most other cells in our bodies are capable of either no replication at all, or only limited multiplication. Stem cells however can continue to replicate mitotically in an endless series of cell divisions in which a single progenitor call can give rise to populations of several million cells. 2. stem cells lack the functional characteristics of other cells in our bodies. For example the red blood cells can carry oxygen bound to the hemoglobin. The muscle cells can utilize ATP to contract and relax in response to nerve stimulation. But stem cells cannot perform any of these specialized tasks. 3. when stem cells in our bodies are subjected to the appropriate stimuli, they undergo differentiation, a process by which stem cells give rise to different end-organs and tissues. These cells which arise from the stem cells are functional in the different body processes. Thus stem cells, by differentiation along different lines give rise to all the organs and tissues in our bodies. Research into stem cells has opened gateways in biological studies that would have been deemed unbreachable just a few decades ago. The most astounding results that stem cell research have yielded are in the field of cell based therapies. The theory behind the use of stem cells in this field is that since stem cells are the progenitor calls that have given rise to all the tissues and organs in our body during our embryonic life, they can also be used to replenish the aforementioned organs and tissues should they become damaged or defective during our adult life. Theoretically, the stem cells can be used as a reservoir to supply any type of cells that become defective in our bodies. For example, in diabetics, they can be used to create a new population of beta cells which can be transplanted to the patients pancreas. They can even be used to constitute entire organs, like kidneys, liver, cornea and even the heart for purposes of transplantation. In practical use, cell based therapies have only so far been applied on a limited scale in hematological malignancies, to reconstitute the cell population after intensive chemotherapy meant to eradicate the patients own bone marrow. Their success and popularity as a mode of treatment in these illnesses is widely established. Stem cell research can also yield excessive information about the processes of cell division and differentiation that are involved in the development of the different organ systems of the embryo from the unicellular zygote. These mechanisms are of intense interest to scientists because they play key roles in diseases that are genetically inherited as well as in the development of cancers. If the defects in cell division and differentiation that give rise to certain genetically inherited traits can be identified, and the key growth or induction factors responsible for causing these defects elucidated, then perhaps these defects can be prevented or corrected in the very early stages of fetal life. If the genetic changes

Bussiness operation system Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Bussiness operation system - Essay Example With the passage of time, company made a huge progress and improved its business functions and processes. At the present, company has a large loyal customer base. Currently, Clean Brite Company is a leading supplier of cleaning products to UK industries with an annual turnover of ?30 million. In addition, Clean Brite Company is basically a supplier of cleaning products to a lot of different companies and commercial areas. Though, Clean Brite Company is not a product manufacturing business, however it only purchases them from companies those manufacture them. Additionally, CBC provides different grade cleaning products to a number of different sectors. Moreover, Clean Brite Company business is dealing with a large number of corporations including hotels, processing industries, hospitals and public organizations, catering organizations such as leisure centers and schools. With the evolution in business, CBS got a lot of new opportunities and issues. In this scenario, one of the major o pportunities business has got is in form of increase in customer reorganization and business market standing improvement. On the other hand, Clean Brite Company is facing problem in handling the information and data collected from different corporations. In this scenario, the existing system which was developed for these areas is not effectively dealing with these processes in a better way. Therefore this project is initiated to effectively manage the operations and processes of business for improving organizational performance. Rich Picture Given below is the Rich Picture for the system working. Here we can see that new digital business and order management is able to support a number of business stakeholders: Rich Picture Explanation Management The new technology based system at Clean Brite Company will offer an excellent support to management. The new technology based system will facilitate in business decision making and process management. In addition, this system will improve the standard of corporate business and operations management. Packaging The new technology based system will also offer an excellent support for the business packaging department. In case of a new order, the order will be dispatched to packaging department and packed for delivery. These all processes will be done automatically. Warehouse The technology based system at Clean Brite Company will also facilitate the warehouse department. In case of new order the business sales center will dispatch the order to warehouse department where it is checked to confirm the availability of order. In case of availability the order is dispatched to packaging department or otherwise sent the request to business supplier for delivery of order. Customer The customer will make use of the new online business management and sales system to access the business products. Customers will be able to order and pay through online business platform. Sales Business sales department for the Clean Brite Company wi ll have a complete technology based automated system that will automatically process the sales and business transaction for effective business management. The overall process of business transaction management will make use of automatic payments and funds transfer system that will be convenient to customer and business. Marketing The new online business online platform for Clean Brite Company will also serve as the business marketing platform. Shipping The new

My Skills and Talents Essay Example for Free

My Skills and Talents Essay Listening to advice from others will play an important part as it helps to get an outside point of view. It could save me from making decisions which may not be in the best interest of my business, as well as allowing me to use the advice I have been given to improve on any problems I may have or ways to bring more customers. If I were to stick to my own ideas all the time then and follow them through I could end up with a big loss if something goes wrong. Being persuasive is important in a business as it would allow me to convince people so buy/sell certain things. I may feel I am paying too much for my stock in that case I can try and convince my supplier to give me a better deal possibly allowing me to buy more. Being persuasive my also help if there is any completion and I can try and find out what their business plan is and then find a way to attract more customers then them. One way to go about this is to be friendly and to just really try and get the information you are looking for or convince people to give me what I am looking for. I need to be pretty ill before I take time off. No This can be positive or negative, if I am not feeling very well I can not work as hard as I normally would or I could cause further problems for my self if the illness does not go away. On the other hand taking time off work every time I feel a bit sick will end up causing a larger work load for my return and a loss of sales for that day. I must make sure to only take time off work when it is 100% necessary so as to avoid increasing my work load for the day in which I return back to work. I will be looking at all of my skills and talents which I could use to affect my business. This will allow me to see the problems and advantages each of them will cause to my future business, after this I will then look at situations in which they can be used to aid me with my business and for solutions for the problems that they may cause. This skill can aid me with my business as you learn to get along with others and how to work as a team, as playing doubles requires very good communication in this particular sport. This can aid me in my business as I know how to work with others and communicate with them, it will allow me to hopefully get alone with my employees and communicate with them, it also allows for a company team for example which would help build a bond between me and my employees. On the other side it could have negative affects on me and my business because I may spend too much time focused on playing or arrange to go play a game when I should be concentrating on work that I have to do, as a result it may lead to work being done late or not up to a certain standard. It may also cause me to be tired when going into work if I went to play a game late in the night so during that day I wont be as focused as normal and it will cause my work to suffer. To avoid these problems I should always make sure that my work is done before I decide to make time recreational activates and to make sure I get to sleep at a certain time everyday so as to avoid being tired during work. Good knowledge of Microsoft Office programs. This an important skill as it is needed to run a business, knowing how to use programs such and word, excel, PowerPoint are needed to make presentations send letters and crate accounts. I can also teach my employees how to use these programs so I can delegate work onto them if I feel I have too much work to do. The negative side to this is that if I teach another of my employees these skills and them leave them with work that needs to be done they may run into difficulties thus resulting in work not being done properly or being done late, it also takes a lot of time to teach someone full use of these programs time of which I may not have enough of. To make sure I do not come across these problems I should make sure I only give my employees work which I know they can get done in time and properly, and I should also make sure I have time to teach them how to do new things with these programs as sometimes it may just be faster if I just do it myself and delegate something know they can do upon them as this will give them a sense of responsibility and possibly motivate them to learn other skills on their own. I like to keep up to date with new technology. This is an advantage as knowing the new technology out there is important for the business to survive, as most of them time it allows the business to achieve greater economies of scale and become more efficient. They also may be able to carry out certain tasks which in turn will allow me to save money by replacing employees whose jobs these new machines take over. The down side there is the risk of these now technologies do not work out as expected or there are problems with them which cannot be solved easily thus resulting in a large loss for my business. To make sure these problems occur I can look into new machinery to make sure no problems can occur that could lead to problems for me and my business. I enjoy talking and meeting with new people. These very important as I will have to handle customers, it will also help me communicating with my employees old and new as this is needed to get work done and can help with getting new idea for my business which could allow me to improve. The downside is some people may find I come across to strong and this may push them away or not want to speak at all. To avoid this I must make sure that I know when someone is willing to be willing to speak and when they rather be left to themselves and not be bothered by others.

Comparing Maupassants Necklace and Chekovs Vanka Essay -- Comparison

Narrators and Sympathy in Maupassant's Necklace and Chekov's Vanka  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚   In Guy de "The Necklace" and Anton Chekov's "Vanka," the narrators' attitudes are unsympathetic toward the protagonists Mathilde and Vanka. However, where the narrator of "The Necklace" feels outright hostility toward Mathilde, the narrator of "Vanka" voices his opinion more passively by pointing out the flaws in Vanka's wishful thinking. In "The Necklace," the narrator's unsympathetic feelings toward Mathilde are made evident in the first paragraph when he states, "she had no dowry, no expectations, no means of being known, understood, loved, wedded by an rich and distinguished man; and she let herself be married to a little clerk at the Ministry of Public Instruction" (66). The narrator portrays Mathilde as a selfish and haughty shrew whose only desire is to be admired and praised by everyone else. Mathilde defines her status by her good looks and thinks it degrading that she is the daughter of a lowly clerk. Also, the phrase "let herself be married" shows that she consider herself above the common person, and by marrying a clerk she lowered her standards (66). Conversely, in "Vanka", the narrator points out the flaws of Vanka's wishful thinking by showing the reality of his situation. Vanka writes to his grandfather as if to Santa Clause, but instead of asking for toys, he asks for freedom from his cruel life by as king his grandfather to "take [him] away from here, home to the village" (48). The narrator, though, shows how Vanka's grandfather drinks profusely although Vanka never truly realizes it except when he pictures him as a "lively little old man of sixty-five with an everlastingly laughing face and drunken eyes" (47). The narrator further p... ... (47) and in Vanka's dream he appears to laugh, as if reveling in the fact that he has been able to cause more mischief, this time in Vanka's life (49). Both "The Necklace" and "Vanka" portray characters that are treated unsympathetically by their narrators. At the end of both stories, too, the narrators appear to laugh at the characters because all of their hard work and troubles were for nothing; Mathilde lost her youth and beauty for a fake necklace; Vanka wasted his hopes on a letter that will never arrive at its destination.    Works Cited Chekov, Anton. "Vanka." Understanding Fiction. 3rd ed. Eds. Clanth Brooks and Robert Penn Warren. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hill, 1979. 46-49 de Maupassant, Guy. "The Necklace." Understanding Fiction. 3rd ed. Eds. Clanth Brooks and Robert Penn Warren. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hill, 1979. 66-72   

Exclusion Clauses Essay

Over the past few decades, with the development of contract law, more and more people has paid attention to the exclusion clauses contained in a document which is signed by the parties. Many contracting parties use this technique to avoid liability for breach of contract. In this essay, exclusion clauses can be defined as a clause included in a contract to either limit or exclude liability of a party in breach of the agreement. (also termed exemption clauses or exemption clauses. ) Consequently, it is argued that whether the party will be bound by the exemption clause which is signed by the parties or not. Therefore, this essay will analyze the exemption clause with signature based on several court cases and illustrate the effect of an unsigned exemption clause by using a short hypothetical scenario and a court case. Signed Exclusion clauses As a general rule, a person who signs a document which contains contractual terms is bound by the clause of the document. To be specific, if a party signs a contractual document incorporating an exemption clause, it will automatically form part of the contract. Therefore, Signature can ordinarily bind a person to the terms even if he has not read or understood the terms set out in the document. What has come to be known as the principle in L’Estrange v Graucob was expressed by Scrutton LJ as follows: ‘When a document containing contractual terms is signed, then, in the absence of fraud, or, I will add, misrepresentation, the party signing it is bound, and it is wholly immaterial whether he has read the document or not. ‘ According to the case of L’Estrange v Graucob [1934] 2 KB 394, the plaintiff bought an automatic cigarette machine from the defendants. She signed a contract called sales agreement which include several clauses, but did not read. When she discovered the machine was defective, she tried to sue Graucob for breach of contract, but the defendant was able to rely on the exclusion clause incorporated into the written contract. From this case, it can be seen that since the plaintiff has signed the sales agreement, the contract and the exclusion clauses has taken effect. In addition, the contents of the document were represented correctly and no fraud on the part of the defendants. Therefore, L’ Estrange is bound by the exclusion clauses. However, the rule in L’ Estrange v Graucob will not apply under some circumstances. Firstly, if the signed document could not reasonably be regarded in the circumstances as likely to contain contractual terms, the party will not be bound by the signature. In the case Le Mans Grand Prix Circuits Pty Ltd v Iliadis, the plaintiff was injured while driving a go-cart at the defendant’s racing track. P was invited there as a guest to help the promotion of D’s go-kart track and did not pay for the attendance at the track. The defendant wanted to avoid liability by relying on an agreement, signed by the plaintiff which includes an exclusion clause. The count made a decision that the defendant was unable to rely on the exclusion clause so as to avoid liability. Because the plaintiff attended defendant’s track was not in pursuance of a commercial dealing of relationship with the defendant. Thereby, the entry form was just a driver registration form, not a contract. In other word, the document which the plaintiff had signed was not contractual, although the agreement contained plaintiff’s signature, he was not bound it because the signed document could not reasonably be regarded in the circumstances as likely to contain contractual terms. Secondly, a person who misrepresents the clause and its effect is not allowed to rely on the exemption clause to escape liability. The case of Curtis v Chemical Cleaning and Dyeing Co clearly illustrate the legal position. In this case, Curtis took a wedding dress to the defendant’s shop to have it dry cleaned. The shop assistant asked her to sign a ‘receipt’, and the plaintiff was told by the shop assistant that the document was to exempt defendants from liability for damage to the beads and the sequins. The plaintiff signed the document, which in fact included a clause that the company is not liable for any damage howsoever arising. The dress was stained by the defendant who later tried to rely on the exclusion clause. The Court judged that the clause is not effective and the defendant cannot rely on it. Because in this case, the exclusion clause had been misrepresented as only beads and sequins would be affected. and the plaintiff thought she was only running the risk of damage to the sequins and the beads on the dress. Unsigned exclusion clauses In our daily life, the exemption clause also contained in some unsigned document, such as tickets, invoices, receipts, vouchers and so on. Upon most situations, these unsigned documents may not be binding in contract unless they are properly included into the contract. Although, Signature is the most common way to confirm the effectiveness of a contract, that no means if you don’t sign the form you could not be bound by it, in some particular cases it is. Firstly, a hypothetical scenario will be made to illustrate the effect of exclusion clause in an unsigned document. Alex had toothache seriously, he went to a pharmacy and bought a box of Panadol. Before he took the tablets he saw the introduction and even the container has written on that ‘must follow the doctor’s advice, if you don’t follow the advice, there is not liable for any harm of your body’ but he didn’t care about the warning and take three tablets. On the following day, Alex felt dizzy and nausea. After the diagnosis from doctor, it can be considered that these symptom due to the effect of medicine. Then, Alex sued the medicine company. Under this situation, the defendant can avoid liability by exemption clause even though Alex did not sign the document. As the common law said that exclusion clauses contained in unsigned documents are not valid unless a reasonable person would expect the document to contain contractual document and a reasonable notice is given. In this case, contractual terms can be expected to find from the introduction and container of the medicine. In addition, company also takes reasonable steps to bring these clauses to Alex’s notice. Thus, the plaintiff was already bound by the exemption clauses. Another court case for the unsigned exclusion clause is the case of Parker v South Eastern Railway Co, plaintiff left his bag at cloakroom in a railway station and he got a ticket. On the front of the ticket said ‘See back’, the other side include an exclusion clause which shows that company will only be responsible for the value of package within 10 pounds. When the bag could not be found, Parker sued the company for 2410 pounds. However the court judged that the plaintiff was bound by the exclusion clause on the ticket even though he did not sign it. Because the company has already gave the plaintiff sufficient notice of the existence of the clause and a reasonable person would expect to find these terms. According to the basic principle in contract law which said that the unsigned exemption clause will be bound if reasonable notice has been given. Conclusion To sum up, exclusion clause can be classified as signed document and unsigned document in this essay. When considerate the effectiveness of a clause, every aspects should be analyzed. Although the signature is an important factor to prove if the clause is valid, it does not mean that all the exclusion clauses included in a signed document can be bound with a signer. To the contrary, the exemption clause in an unsigned document can also be valid in some situation. Therefore, any party who wish rely on the exemption clause to avoid liability should incorporate the clause into a contract with sufficient notice and make sure the behaviors of the party is reasonable.

Impact of Computers on Society Essay

Everyone knows that this is the age of computer and vast majority of people are using computer. Development of science and technology has direct effect on our daily life as well as in our social life. Computer technology has made communication possible from one part of the world to the other in seconds. They can see the transactions in one part of the world while staying in the other part. Computer development is one of the greatest scientific achievements of the 20th century. Computers are used in various fields as well as in teaching and learning. Computers are complex electronic devices. They can perform many operations at once, and make our daily lives easier. Almost every home, office, or school has a computer of some kind these days. It may seem at first that having a computer brings only benefits, but further consideration shows that it also has disadvantages. There are many pros and cons about computers (and technology in general). First of all computers are very useful at school. It helps students study for upcoming tests and makes subjects more interesting to learn about. Students can also learn new vocabulary and grammar. Furthermore it allows students to become familiar with operating a computer and gain basic computer skills. Many modern day jobs involve using a computer in one way or another. Also more people can save their valuable time by using computers. This is especially beneficial in the workplace where employees can do their work faster than they ever could before. In addition, storing information on a computer is one of the most efficient ways of keeping data. One flash drive, for example, can hold the same amount of information as numerous books. People can also communicate with other computer owners through the internet, which now offers everything from shopping to â€Å"video chatting† with a person in another country. On the other hand many jobs have been lost due to the fact that a single computer can do a lot of tasks more efficiently and cheaper than humans. This has led to high unemployment rates in many countries. The internet is also full of harmful materials; especially for kids. Some websites are not designed for educational purposes but for profit-gaining aims. There are even children who are so â€Å"addicted† to online gaming that they spend almost all day sitting before in front of a computer screen. As a result they do poorly at school. Also, a computer is just a machine; it can’t completely replace humans so you are unlikely to find ‘moral support’ from chatting with strang people on the net. Besides, people tend to tell lies to their chatter. Also, if kids are left unsupervised they would spend all of their time playing games on the computer rather than using it for educational purposes. Furthermore computer usage can also take an emotional toll on people. When some people work from home on the computer are far more likely to feel cut off from the rest of the world. If children are sitting in front of the screen all day, they do not learn to share, wait their turn, or even something as simple as manners. Moreover children might be using the internet to access pornographic material. Children are also easy targets for sexual offenders who chat online with them and then make plans to meet them or slowly obtain information about them. Also frequent and prolonged computer session may pose physical health. One example of a health hazard could be a bad back. Pretty much everyone relies on a computer one way or another nowadays. These complex electronic devices can help us throughout our daily lives†¦.but they can also hurt. They pose physical and mental/emotional threats if you spend too much time glued to your computer or similar device. There are pros and cons of computer usage. You can communicate with someone in England while you’re laying in bed on your laptop in your pajamas. It can also hurt us just as much as it helps. If you go on one â€Å"suspicious† website and your computer could be infected with a deadly virus and mess up your computer or you could lose all of your personal data, like financial information. What you see depends on who you are and exactly how you see it. Works Cited Anil, Aakar. â€Å"Aakar Tech.† IMPACT OF COMPUTER ON SOCIETY. N.p., 12 Nov. 2007. Web. 05 Feb. 2013. Dutta, Pallab. â€Å"What Are the Benefits of Computers in Society?† EHow. Demand Media, 08 July 2009. Web. 05 Feb. 2013. Frisicaro, Adrian. â€Å"Cs4fn : Computer Science for Fun.† Computer Science for Fun. N.p., n.d. Web. 05 Feb. 2013. â€Å"The Impact of Computers on Society.† The Impact of Computers on Society. N.p., n.d. Web. 05 Feb. 2013. Joseph, Chris. â€Å"The Disadvantages of Computers in the Workforce.† Small Business. Demand Media, n.d. Web. 05 Feb. 2013.

Pit Bulls Man’s Best Friend Professor Ramos Blog

Pit Bulls Man’s Best Friend Did you know that chihuahua’s are considered the most aggressive dog breeds in the world? I know what you’re thinking; â€Å"yeah right pit bulls are the most aggressive†. This is a common misconception and there has been plenty of studies to prove otherwise. The most recognized of these studies is conducted by the American Temperament Test Society (ATTS). They have tested countless dogs chihuahua’s are always the most aggressive, even with proper training. I know there is a very large group of people in this world that think pit bulls are dangerous and aggressive and I am here to change their minds and come up with a solution to prevent this unfair and negative stigma. Here is my solution; We can change the stigma behind pit bulls by teaching people that dogs are not born evil. It is all about how we raise our dogs. If we can teach people how to properly raise and socialize a pit bull (or any dog), we can stop the stigma. I am going to tell you a true sto ry and follow it with a statement from the ASCPA before I move into details pertaining to my solution. The story and statement will show pit bulls are not aggressive dogs. Nana Chai was getting ready to go to sleep, she just put her 7-month-old to sleep in her crib in the other room. As Nana was about to get in bed, she heard her dog, a Pitbull named Sasha scratching the back door. Nana was worried because Sasha didn’t usually scratch at the door, so she let her in. Sasha started barking wildly at Nana and alerted her that there was a fire. Nana started rushing to the baby’s room, but Sasha was already there. â€Å"Nana found Sasha trying to get the baby to safety, she was pulling her by her diaper to try and save her from the fire.† (Caitlin Nolan) Nana and her baby Masailah both lived and did not sustain any injuries. The reason that they were okay was because of their pit bull Sasha, the dog gave Nana enough time to be alert and ready for the fire. If Nana had believed the stigma concerning pit bulls, she may not have owned Sasha, in which case she may not have escaped the fire. This example shows that pit bulls can be caring an d protective dogs. Now, let’s review the statement by the American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (ASPCA). In summary, the statement defines what a â€Å"pit bull is†, it explains that they are â€Å"descendant of the original English bull-baiting-dog.† (ASPCA) When animal baiting was outlawed people started fighting their English bull-baiting-dogs. Eventually people started to breed them with smaller breeds such as terriers in order to make them more agile and capable of fighting. It is important to note that, the dogs people bred were meant for fighting other dogs. If the dog showed hostilities towards a human, they were generally put down and no longer breed as it could have caused future lines to be aggressive towards humans. According to the statement made by the ASPCA â€Å"the reality is that dogs of many breeds can be selectively bred or trained to develop aggressive traits†. This shows us that specific dog breeds are not just born aggressive, they need to be bred or trained or even beaten into being aggressive. Dogs are similar to humans; they each have their own personalities. They learn from their experiences and they grow and change depending on them.   Unfortunately, since pit bulls are seen as mean dogs, people often raise them to be aggressive dogs and when these poorly raised dogs attack, it fuels the stigma. Let’s move into how to properly raise and socialize a dog and the outcome of doing so. It is important to know that socialization and proper training is effective for any dog and not just pit bulls. If any breed of dog is improperly raised it has the same risk to turn aggressive or to â€Å"act out† at times. Socialization means to socialize (interact) the dog with other dogs and people. According to a recent study (2015) on socialization practices on adult behavior â€Å"Dogs that are appropriately socialized as puppies are less likely to exhibit behavioral problems as adults, including aggression and fearfulness† (Howell et al.). This shows the importance of starting proper socialization at a young age. It is much harder to take an adult dog and socialize and train him, especially if they are already aggressive. I know your probably wondering, well how do we â€Å"properly socialize† a dog. There is a plethora of ways to do this, but here is some of the most effective. First you want to expose the dog to people and other animals from an early age . The more they get to be around and play with people and animals the more they get used it. It is imperative to allow your dog to touch you and other animals. This will help them see that they do not need to fear or fight people and animals. Second, you just need to be nice to the dog. Don’t beat the dog for every mistake it makes and be sure to reward the dog when they do good. If they go poddy inside, scold them and put them outside. If they listen to a command you give, reward them. As the dog grows older and is no longer a puppy you still need to continue with proper socialization and training. You won’t need to do it as frequently, but you can’t just abandon it when they are no longer a puppy. A study conducted by Dept. of Veterinary Medicine, Cambridge England at the Pfizer breeding colony in the United Kingdom tested socialization and training techniques and outcomes in â€Å"teenage dogs† (1-3 Years). The study was conducted for one year and they had separate control groups which consisted of, properly raised and improperly raised dogs. It was found that â€Å"dogs given increased human socialization were more approachable then dogs from the other groups† (Hubrecht). After one year of study the dogs from both groups has improvement from where they started. The dogs that were in the group that had already been trained did have much better results. As I have said, all dog breeds are equal when it comes to aggression risks and personalities. The last research study that I will bring up was conducted by the School of Veterinary Science, University of Bristol, United Kingdom. This study tested multiple breeds including pit bulls and it concluded   â€Å"it would be inappropriate to make assumptions about an individual’s animal’s risk of aggression based on characteristics such as breed† (Casey). I have showed you how properly raising a dog has a huge outcome on a dog and that no matter the breed. They all need to be raised the same to be none aggressive dogs. If more people were to realize that a dog’s attitude is depending on how the owner raised the dog, we can stop the stigma of pit bulls are aggressive dogs. I previously said that pit bulls are raised to be aggressive, because people think they naturally are. If we can spread this knowledge and information, as well as teach people how to raise a d og, we can defeat the stigma that pit bulls are naturally aggressive. ATTS Breed Statistics† American Temperament Test Society, 31 Dec. 2017, https://atts.org/breed-statistics/. Accessed 12 April 2019. I choose the ATTS as a source, because they do test on hundreds of dogs a year of all different breeds. I feel that it is a reliable source that is based off of studies and not someone’s personal thoughts. Casey, Rachel et al. â€Å"Human directed aggression in domestic dogs: Occurrence in different contexts and risk factors† School of Veterinary Science, University of Bristol, Bristol, England. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S016815911300292X   https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applanim.2013.12.003 Accessed 18 April 2019. This was a great resource that shows that no matter what breed a dog is it can have any kind of personality. There are no pre-determined personality traits when it comes to dogs. This study shows that it is largely dependent on how the dog is raised by the owner. Howell, Tiffani J et al. â€Å"Puppy parties and beyond: the role of early age socialization practices on adult dog behavior.† Veterinary medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) vol. 6 143-153. 29 Apr. 2015, doi:10.2147/VMRR.S62081 I picked this source because it helped to show what effects socialization has on a dog of any breed. It also discusses that if any dog of any breed is not properly trained or socialized it can potentially have issues with aggression when they are older. Hubrecht, Robert, â€Å"Enrichment in puppyhood and its effects on later behavior of dogs† Companion Animal Research Group, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Cambridge, England. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7752619   Accessed 18 April 2019. The study conducted by the Animal Research Group in Cambridge gives us very important information about dog socialization. It shows us that we need to continue proper training and socialization habits into adult hood. Nolan, Caitlin â€Å"Hero Pit Bull Saves Baby and Her Mom From California House Fire.† InsideEdition, 14 June 2018, https://www.insideedition.com/hero-pit-bull-saves-baby-and-her-mom-california-house-fire-shes-family-44162. Accessed 10 April 2019. I decided to present this story to you so that you can see pit bulls can be loving and caring animals when properly raised. As you seen by reading this true story their pit bull potentially saved their lives. â€Å"Position Statement on Pit Bulls†, ASPCA, https://www.aspca.org/about-us/aspca-policy-and-position-statements/position-statement-pit-bulls. Accessed 10 April 2019. I wanted to include this statement by the ASPCA because it is a widely known organization that does a ton of research on dogs. They provided us with a good history of where pit bulls came from and showed us why most people assume they are aggressive.

Stress-Related Illness Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Stress-Related Illness - Essay Example As the discussion stresses the school owners and directress have entrusted Kelly with the role of training new teachers with the quality of teaching she is known for. She is likewise head of the Parent Involvement Program of the school. Her many duties at work, on top of preparing for her own preschool class and her homemaker role at home has been taking its toll on Kelly. For the past month, she has complained of recurrent migraines, stomach pains and general body malaise. Generally, stress is what one feels when the demands on his life exceed his ability to meet those demands. The stressor may be external, such as the death of someone close to the individual or a sudden change in activity level. Or, it may be an internal stressor such as an illness. This paper outlines that in Kelly’s case, her stressors are: overload of work duties, work-life imbalance, her own personality traits and the personalities of the people she works with. The interplay of stressors and the consistent experience of high amounts in one’s life can often lead to burnout. The term â€Å"burnout† is a relatively new term, first coined in 1974 by Herbert Freudenberger, in his book, â€Å"Burnout: The High Cost of High Achievement†. He originally defined ‘burnout’ as, â€Å"the extinction of motivation or incentive, especially where ones devotion to a cause or relationship fails to produce the desired results.† While burnout is not a recognized clinical psychiatric or psychological disorder, there are some similar features between burnout and diagnosable conditions such as depression, anxiety disorders or mood disorders. Depleted Physical Energy: Prolonged stress can be physically draining, causing one to feel tired much of the time, or no longer have the energy she once did. Getting out of bed to face another day of the same gets more difficult.

Organisational Culture of Google and How It Impacts Its Operations Essay

Organisational Culture of Google and How It Impacts Its Operations - Essay Example The researcher states that employee performance is enhanced by the existence of an effective work environment as illustrated by the case of Google. Google is an American based company that specializes in offering communication technology such as internet services. Since its inception, the company has been guided in its operations by valuing the needs and interests of the employees. The major strength of the organization, which can be attributed to its culture, lies in its ability to motivate the employees, which has contributed to its productivity. Employees are encouraged to be innovative, and they are rewarded for their ideas. An analysis of the case study, as well as the video footage, shows that Google is regarded as the best place to work in America as the employees are motivated and their needs and interests are satisfied. Motivation is seen as the key aspect of the effectiveness of the organization in its performance since the employees share the same goals with the organizati on. For instance, mistakes made by the employees do not warrantee a punishment, but they are treated as an effective tool for learning. According to Stahl & Mendenhall, culture is believed to shape the operations of the organization in various ways. It contributes to innovation and success, which allows the managers to be able to cope with problems related to adoption as well as integration. Organisational culture at Google is considered to be very effective given that it has recently been named the best company for employees by Fortune Magazine. The core values of the organization’s culture are intensely held and shared.